Hard TOEFL Words - Group 1

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aback:
ad. by surprise; behind; in the rear
abdication:
n. the act of giving up or renouncing a right, office, or position of power etc.
ability:
n. capacity; skill
ablaze:
a. burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited ; resembling flame in brilliance or color
abolish:
v. cancel; put an end to; destroy completely
abolitionist:
n. a reformer who favors abolishing slavery
abound:
v. be full of; be plentiful
abrupt:
a. broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another
absorb:
v. assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention
abut:
v. border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent
academician:
n. a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation
access:
n. approach; entry; entrance
accessibility:
n. attribute of being easy to meet or deal with
accessory:
n. additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item
acclaim:
v. applaud; announce with great approval
accompaniment:
n. act of accompanying someone or something
accompanying:
a. attendant; concomitant
accomplishment:
n. achievement; fulfillment
accordion:
n. a portable box-shaped free-reed instrument; reeds that are made to vibrate by air from the bellows controlled by the player
account:
n. narrative or record of events; reason given for a particular action or event
accredit:
v. authorize; commission; give credit for
accumulation:
n. act of gathering or amassing, as into a heap or pile
accuse:
v. blame; condemn
acquiesce:
v. consent or comply passively or without protest; assent
acquisition:
n. act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
acronym:
n. abbreviation
addict:
v. cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to
addictive:
a. causing or characterized by addiction
additive:
n. addition; supplement
adjacent:
a. adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near
adjoin:
v. be next to; be contiguous to; border on
adjust:
v. adapt; regulate
adobe:
n. clay; brick ;sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick
adolescent:
n. a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity;
adopt:
v. accept; take on; raise; take into one's family
adoption:
n. accepting with approval; favorable reception
advent:
n. coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important
affectionately:
ad. with affection; lovingly; fondly; tenderly; kindly
affiliate:
n. A person, organization, or establishment associated with another, as a subordinate, subsidiary, or member
affirm:
v. assert; confirm
affliction:
n. cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress
affluent:
a. generously supplied with money, property, or possessions; prosperous or rich; plentiful; abundant
affordable:
a. able to pay for
agitation:
n. anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance
air:
v. be broadcast on television or radio
airborne:
a. aloft; flying; in the air
aisle:
n. a passageway between rows of seats or shelves
aka:
ad. as known or named at another time or place; also known as
alignment:
n. arrangement; association; alliance
allocate:
v. assign; distribute according to plan
alloy:
v. combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate
ally:
n. confederate; partner; collaborator
aloof:
a. apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote
altar:
n. elevated place or structure before which religious ceremonies may be enacted or upon which sacrifices may be offered
amaze:
v. astonish; affect with wonder
amazing:
a. awesome; astounding; surprising
ambition:
n. aspiration
ambitious:
a. aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
amend:
v. change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors
amendment:
n. correction; revision
amplification:
n. addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail
amplify:
v. broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase
amputee:
n. a person who has had one or more limbs removed by amputation
analogous:
a. comparable; similar or alike
analyze:
v. diagnose; examine
anatomy:
n. detailed analysis; branch of morphology that deals with the structure of animals
ancestral:
a. inherited or inheritable by established rules
anew:
ad. once more; again; in a new and different way
annex:
v. append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit
annihilate:
v. destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence
annoying:
a. bothersome; troublesome; irritating
annualize:
v. adjust or calculate so as to reflect a rate that is based on a full year
anoint:
v. apply oil, ointment, or a similar substance to; choose by or as if by divine intervention
antedate:
v. be earlier in time; go back further
antenna:
n. metallic apparatus for sending or receiving electromagnetic waves
anthology:
n. book of literary selections by various authors
antibiotic:
a. of or relating to chemical substance that kills microorganisms and cures infections
anticipate:
v. act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict
antique:
n. any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion
apartheid:
n. a policy or practice of separating or segregating groups
apex:
n. highest point; the vertex; usually pointed end of an object; the tip
apologize:
v. beg pardon
appeal:
n. attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge
appealing:
a. attractive; charming
appease:
v. bring peace, quiet, or calm to; satisfy or relieve
appetite:
n. instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink
applaud:
v. acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands
applicant:
n. candidate
application:
n. close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance
appoint:
v. designate; nominate
appraisal:
n. assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
appreciable:
a. considerable; perceptible
appreciate:
v. be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of
approach:
n. access; method
appropriate:
v. acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use
approximate:
v. approach; come near
approximately:
ad. about; roughly
aquatic:
a. consisting of, relating to, or being in water
arc:
n. continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape
archipelago:
n. a large group of islands; a sea, containing a large number of scattered islands
arduous:
a. demanding great effort or labor; difficult
arid:
a. lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or woody plants
armory:
n. arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured
arrangement:
n. composition; order
arsenal:
n. stock or supply, usually of weapons
ascend:
v. climb; mount
ascending:
a. climbing; rising
ascent:
n. the act of rising or going upward
asphyxiate:
v. deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or very serious symptoms; suffocate
aspiration:
n. ambition; longing
aspiring:
a. ambitious; enthusiastic
assault:
n. attack; onslaught
assemblage:
n. a group of persons together in one place
assert:
v. declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
assess:
v. estimate value; judge worth of something
assessment:
n. act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable
assistance:
n. activity of contributing to fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose
assuredly:
ad. certainly; undoubtedly
astonished:
a. amazed; surprised
astound:
v. affect with wonder; surprise; shock
astronaut:
n. person to pilot, navigate, or as a crew member of spacecraft
astronomer:
n. a physicist who studies astronomy
astronomy:
n. branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and universe as a whole
asylum:
n. a place offering protection and shelter
at loggerheads:
ad. engaged in a dispute
atmosphere:
n. air
atom:
n. a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element
atrial:
a. of or pertaining to an atrium, especially the upper chambers of the heart
atrocity:
n. extreme criminality or cruelty; quality of being shockingly cruel and inhumane
attachment:
n. a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory
attain:
v. achieve or accomplish; gain
attend:
v. be present at; go to; take care of; tend
attendance:
n. act of being present
attendant:
n. aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting
attendee:
n. person who is present and participates in a meeting
attention:
n. act or state of attending or heeding; application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought
attire:
n. clothing; dress
attraction:
n. appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts
attractive:
a. appealing; pleasing; inviting; tempting
auditorium:
n. area of theater or concert hall where audience sits
authenticity:
n. quality of being genuine or trustworthy
autobiography:
n. biography or story written by yourself
available:
a. convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible
avalanche:
n. fall or slide of a large mass, as of snow or rock, down a mountainside
avenue:
n. a method or means by which something may be accomplished
avian:
n. thin A bird-like or flying creature
aviation:
n. design, development, and production of aircraft
avocation:
n. activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment
awake:
v. rouse from sleep;stir the interest of; excite
awkward:
a. difficult to handle or manage