Hard TOEFL Words - Group 4

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n. act or art of writing in code or secret characters; also, secret characters, codes or ciphers, or messages written in a secret code

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n. young of certain animals, such as the bear, wolf, or lion

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a. bright; brilliant

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v. abandon or turn against; cease or change one's loyalty

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n. an area of flat land where a river spreads out into several smaller rivers before entering the sea

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n. a person qualified to practice dentistry

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n. by-product; something derived

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v. decree or designate beforehand; fate

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a. departing from correct or accepted way; misleading; not straightforward

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n. catastrophe; misfortune