abbreviation:
n. shortening something by omitting parts of it | abolish:
v. cancel; put an end to; destroy completely |
aboriginal:
a. being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native | abound:
v. be full of; be plentiful |
abrasion:
n. scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something | abridge:
v. condense; shorten; reduce length of written text |
abundance:
n. great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing | accelerate:
v. move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected |
acclaim:
v. applaud; announce with great approval | accommodation:
n. living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience |
accord:
n. settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states | accumulate:
v. pile up; collect; mount up; increase |
accuser:
n. one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault | acquaint:
v. inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar |
adept:
a. expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | adhere:
v. stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with |
adjacent:
a. adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near | adjoin:
v. be next to; be contiguous to; border on |
administrate:
v. administer; supply; supervise or be in charge of | adolescence:
n. state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity |
advent:
n. coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important | adverse:
a. in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose |
aerial:
a. of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air | aesthetic:
a. elegant or tasteful; of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste |
affiliate:
v. associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another | affirm:
v. state something as true; assert; confirm |
affix:
v. fasten; append; add on; secure to something | afflict:
v. cause pain, suffering, or distress |
aggregate:
v. gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to | agitation:
n. anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance |
agreeable:
a. ready to consent or submit; acceptable | airing:
a. exposure to air for freshening or drying; exposure to public attention; radio or television broadcast |
albeit:
ad. even though; although; notwithstanding | allege:
v. state without proof; assert to be true |
alleviate:
v. provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part | allocate:
v. assign; distribute according to plan |
allot:
v. parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot | alloy:
v. combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate |
alphabetical:
a. arranged in customary order of the letters of a language | ambiguity:
n. state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty |
ambiguous:
a. unclear or doubtful in meaning | amend:
v. change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors |
amid:
ad. in the middle of; among; surrounded by | amidst:
ad. amid; in the middle of; among |
amplify:
v. broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase | analyse:
v. resolve anything complex into its elements; separate into parts for examination of each separately |
analytical:
a. of analysis; resolving into elements or parts | ancestor:
n. forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor |
anecdote:
n. a short account of the amusing or interesting event; short narrative; a secret story of history or biography | annihilate:
v. destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence |
annuity:
n. annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year | antagonism:
n. active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor |
antarctic:
a. opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or the region near it | anthology:
n. book of literary selections by various authors |
apologetic:
a. offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense | apparatus:
n. a group of parts that work together to perform a given function; appliance, or device for a particular purpose |
append:
v. attach; add as supplement or appendix | appliance:
n. durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use |
applicant:
n. candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job | appraisal:
n. assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth |
appreciable:
a. large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible | apprentice:
n. works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner |
approximate:
v. come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount | apt:
a. likely; precisely suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand |
aquatic:
a. consisting of, relating to, or being in the water | arbitrary:
a. randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle |
archaic:
a. no longer current or applicable; antiquated | ardent:
a. displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate |
arduous:
a. demanding great effort or labor; difficult | armour:
n. defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons |
arouse:
v. excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep | array:
v. set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement |
ascend:
v. move up or climb something; mount | ascent:
n. upward slope or grade; movement upward |
ascertain:
v. find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of | ascribe:
v. inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality |
aspiration:
n. ambition; something that you hope to achieve | aspire:
v. seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end |
assert:
v. declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly | assorted:
a. varied; consisting of various types mixed together |
astound:
v. affect with wonder; surprise; shock | attain:
v. achieve or accomplish; gain |
attribute:
n. essential quality; reputation; honor | audible:
a. perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear |
augment:
v. make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity | authoritative:
a. weighting authority; peremptory and dictatorial |
automate:
v. replace or enhance human labor with machines | automation:
n. the use of machines and computers that can operate without needing human control |
autonomy:
n. independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination | auxiliary:
a. helper, additional or subsidiary |
avail:
v. turn to the advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote | avert:
v. prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away |
aviation:
n. art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics | axis:
n. the center around which something rotates; pivot |
badminton:
n. game played on a court with light long-handled rackets | baffle:
v. frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of |
bamboo:
n. plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries | barometer:
n. an instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere |
barricade:
n. hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle | barter:
v. trade goods or services without the exchange of money |
bead:
n. small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood that is pierced for stringing | beautician:
n. one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments |
beneficial:
a. helpful; tending to promote physical well-being | berth:
n. space for the ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; the place to sleep or stay; appointment or job |
beset:
v. attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in | bewilder:
v. lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes |
bibliography:
n. list of works of a specific author or publisher; list of writings relating to a given subject | bilateral:
a. two-sided; mutual; involving two groups or countries |
bilingual:
n. using or able to use two languages, especially with equal or nearly equal fluency | bitumen:
n. mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame |
bloc:
n. a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action | blot:
n. spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; a weak point or failing |
blunder:
n. serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion | boast:
v. show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride |
bookcase:
n. case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors | bookkeeper:
n. one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office |
bookstall:
n. stall where books are sold, as on the street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale | boundary:
n. dividing line; border; frontier |
boycott:
v. refrain from buying or using | brashness:
n. characteristic of being brash; the trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness |
brisk:
a. marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner | browse:
v. graze; skim or glance at casually |
bulge:
v. cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude | bungalow:
n. small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic |
buoyant:
a. able to float; cheerful and optimistic | bureaucracy:
n. over-regulated administrative system |
burrow:
n. tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; moving through by or as by digging | bustle:
v. move or cause to move energetically and busily; teem |
calamity:
n. the event that brings terrible loss, lasting distress, or severe affliction; disaster; misery | calcium:
n. silvery, moderately hard metallic element |
calorie:
n. unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree | canteen:
n. a vessel used by soldiers for carrying water or other drinks; snack bar or small cafeteria |
caption:
n. title; chapter heading; text under illustration | carcass:
n. the dead body of an animal, especially one slaughtered and dressed for food |
catalyst:
n. an agent which brings about chemical change while it remains unaffected and unchanged | caustic:
a. capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating away by chemical action |
censor:
n. overseer of morals; official responsible for removal of objectionable or sensitive content | centenary:
a. relating to a 100-year period; occurring once every 100 years |
certify:
v. give certain information to; assure; make certain | characterize:
v. distinguish; be characteristic of; be a distinctive trait or mark of |
chasm:
n. deep opening in the earth surface | chaste:
a. morally pure in thought or conduct; decent and modest |
chore:
n. a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee | chronological:
a. arranged in order of time of occurrence |
circulate:
v. move through space, circuit, or system, returning to the starting point | circumference:
n. the boundary line of a circle, figure, area, or object |
cite:
v. quote; adduce as an instance | clasp:
n. fastening device; firm grip |
classify:
v. declare unavailable, as for security reasons; arrange or order by classes or categories | clockwise:
ad. in the direction that the hands of a clock move |
cluster:
n. group; bunch; group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely | coarse:
a. rough; harsh; of low, common, or inferior quality |
coeducation:
n. system of education in which both men and women attend the same institution or classes | cognitive:
a. knowing or perceiving; part of mental functions that deals with logic |
coherent:
a. adhesive; sticking together; capable of thinking and expressing yourself in a clear and consistent manner | coil:
n. a series of connected spirals or concentric rings formed by gathering or winding; spiral pipe or series of spiral pipes |
coincide:
v. occur at the same time as; correspond | collaboration:
n. act of working together; act of cooperating with an enemy, especially it occupying one's own country |
collide:
v. bump; hit something violently | combustible:
a. capable of igniting and burning; easily aroused or excited |
commemorate:
v. serve as a memorial to; honor the memory of with a ceremony | commend:
v. commit, entrust, or give in charge for care or preservation; recommend as worthy of confidence or regard |
commodity:
n. goods; article of trade; advantage; benefit | commonplace:
a. ordinary; having no remarkable features |
commute:
v. obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; regularly travel from a place of residence to another place | commuter:
n. someone who regularly travels from home in a suburb to work in a city |
comparable:
a. similar or equivalent; being of equal regard; worthy of being ranked with | compel:
v. force; coerce; necessitate or pressure by force |
compile:
v. put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources | complement:
v. complete; consummate; make perfect |
compliance:
n. readiness to yield; happy friendly agreement | compose:
v. write; create; make or create by putting together parts or elements |
composite:
a. made up of distinct parts or elements; compounded | compress:
v. close; squeeze or press together; contract |
comprise:
v. include; consist of; be composed of | compulsory:
a. mandatory; obligatory; required by rule |
compute:
v. reckon; make a mathematical calculation | concerted:
a. planned or accomplished together; combined |
concise:
a. brief and compact; expressing much in few words | concoct:
v. digest; convert into nourishment by the organs of nutrition |
concurrent:
a. simultaneous; coincident; occurring or operating at the same time | condense:
v. change from a gaseous to a liquid state and fall in drops; compress or concentrate |
condolence:
n. expression of sympathy with another in sorrow or grief. | confer:
v. bestow; present; have a conference in order to talk something over |
configuration:
n. arrangement of parts or elements; outline | confine:
v. restrict in movement; circumscribe |
conform:
v. comply with; follow; fit; meet | congestion:
n. act of gathering or heaping together or forming a mass |
congruent:
a. possessing congruity; suitable; agreeing; corresponding | conscientious:
a. diligent; responsible; reliable |
consecutive:
a. following one after another without interruption; sequential | consequent:
a. resulting; following as a logical conclusion |
conservation:
n. preservation or restoration from loss, damage, or neglect | conservatory:
n. greenhouse; school of music or dramatic art |
conserve:
v. retain; protect from loss or harm; preserve; use carefully or sparingly, avoiding waste | consign:
v. give, transfer, or deliver formally, as if by signing over into the possession of another |
consist:
v. be made up or composed; be comprised or contained in | consolidate:
v. make solid; unite or press together into a compact mass; harden or make dense and firm |
conspicuous:
a. noticeable; prominent; easy to notice; obvious | constituent:
n. component or part; citizen, voter |
constitute:
v. make up; form something | constrain:
v. restrain; keep within close bounds; confine |
constrict:
v. restrict; shrink; make smaller or narrower by binding or squeezing | construct:
v. form by assembling or combining parts; build; create |
contaminate:
v. make impure or unclean by contact or mixture; pollute; defile | contemplate:
v. look at attentively and thoughtfully; observe deep in thought |
contend:
v. strive in opposition; contest; dispute; struggle for | contention:
n. competing as for any profit or prize |
continuity:
n. property of a continuous and connected period of time | contradict:
v. confront; state the opposite of what someone has said |
contradiction:
n. the assertion of contrary; denial of the truth of a statement; opposition, whether by argument or conduct | contrive:
v. form by an exercise of ingenuity; invent or design |
convene:
v. cause to come together formally | converge:
v. approach; tend to meet; come together |
converse:
v. chat; talk informally; engage in a spoken exchange of thoughts | conversely:
ad. in a converse manner; with change of order or relation; reciprocally. |
correlate:
v. relate; associate; bring into a mutual relation | correspond:
v. be compatible, similar or consistent; exchange messages |
correspondence:
n. similarity or analogy; communication by the exchange of letters | correspondent:
a. one who communicates information, especially, by letter or telegram to newspaper or periodical |
corresponding:
a. accompanying; analogous or equivalent in character, form, or function; comparable | cosmopolitan:
a. sophisticated; of worldwide scope |
cosy:
n. padded or knitted covering placed especially over a teapot to keep the tea hot; cozy | counterbalance:
v. act as force or influence that balances, checks, or limits an opposite one |
counterpart:
n. duplicate copy; one that closely resembles another | crater:
n. a bowl-shaped opening at the top of a volcano |
crease:
n. a line or long thin mark made by folding or doubling | criterion:
n. standard of judging; any approved or established rule or test |
crouch:
v. bend down; stoop low; lie close to the ground with the legs bent, as an animal when waiting for prey or in fear | culminate:
v. reach the highest or most decisive point; rise to the summit |
cultivate:
v. improve and prepare, as by plowing or fertilizing, for raising crops; promote the growth of | cumbersome:
a. heavy; difficult to handle because of weight or bulk |
cumulative:
a. increasing by successive addition | curriculum:
n. the subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college; course or program |
curtail:
v. cut short or reduce; cut off end or tail, or any part | custodian:
n. a person who has responsibility for or looks after something; guardian |
deadlock:
n. standstill resulting from the opposition of two forces or factions; stalemate | dearth:
n. scarcity; shortage of food; famine from failure or loss of crops |
decompose:
v. decay, or to cause something to decay | decrease:
v. lessen; reduce; make a quantity smaller |
decrepit:
a. weakened, worn out, or broken down by old age, illness, or hard use | deduce:
v. lead forth; conclude by reasoning; trace the origin or derivation of |
deduct:
v. lead forth or out; take away, separate, or remove, in numbering, estimating, or calculating; subtract | deem:
v. decide; judge; sentence; condemn |
default:
n. failure to act; an option that is selected automatically | defer:
v. delay till later; put off; hold back to a later time |
defiance:
n. refusal to yield; readiness to contend or resist | defile:
v. pollute; make dirty or spotty |
deflate:
v. reduce from an inflated condition; release contained air or gas from | deflect:
v. turn aside; draw someone's attention away from something |
defraud:
v. deprive of some right, interest, or property, by a deceitful device | deft:
a. quick and skillful; neat in action or performance |
degrade:
v. reduce level; lower grade of something | delectable:
a. delightful; delicious; extremely pleasing to the sense of taste |
delegate:
n. a person authorized to act as a representative for another; deputy | delirium:
n. a mental disorder marked by confusion |
delude:
v. deceive mind or judgment of; lead from truth or into error; frustrate or disappoint | deluge:
n. great flood; heavy downpour; any overflowing of water |
demolish:
v. raze; destroy; do away with completely; put an end to | denomination:
n. class, society, or collection of individuals called by the same name; specifically, a religious sect |
denote:
v. indicate; signify directly; refer to specifically | depict:
v. represent in a picture or sculpture; portray in words; describe |
deplete:
v. decrease fullness of; use up or empty out | depletion:
n. act of emptying, reducing, or exhausting |
deplore:
v. feel or express strong disapproval of; condemn; express sorrow or grief over; regret | depress:
v. lower in spirits; press down |
derelict:
a. left and abandoned; negligent in performing a duty | derive:
v. obtain or receive from a source; trace the origin or development of |
descend:
v. move downward and lower; come from; be connected by a relationship of blood | designate:
v. indicate or specify; point out; assign a name or title to |
desolate:
a. unpopulated; providing no shelter or sustenance; devoid of inhabitants | destine:
v. intend or choose someone or something for a particular purpose or end |
detach:
v. part; separate or disunite; disengage | detain:
v. keep back or from; withhold; restrain from proceeding; stay or stop; delay |
deter:
v. keep from; stop; prevent or discourage from acting | detriment:
n. harm; damage; injury; something that causes damage, harm, or loss |
detrimental:
a. causing damage or harm; injurious | devastate:
v. ruin; lay waste; destroy; make desolate |
deviate:
v. turn away from a principle, norm; depart; diverge | devise:
v. form, plan, or arrange in mind; transmit or give by will |
devour:
v. consume; eat greedily; destroy completely | diagnose:
v. analyze; examine; identify the cause of something |
diagram:
n. graph; chart; figure or drawing made to illustrate a statement; plan | dialect:
n. vocabulary that is for a specific group of people |
diameter:
n. length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference | differentiate:
v. set apart; distinguish; perceive or show the difference in or between |
diffuse:
v. spread out widely; scatter freely; pour out and cause to spread freely | dilapidated:
a. in disrepair, run-down; of very poor quality or condition |
dilate:
v. make wider or larger; cause to expand; enlarge; widen | diligent:
a. assiduous; industrious; hard-working |
dilute:
v. weaken; make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid such as water | diminish:
v. dwindle; reduce; make smaller or less or to cause to appear so |
din:
n. loud, confused, harsh noise; loud, continuous, rattling, or clanging sound | dingy:
a. darkened with smoke and grime; dirty or discolored |
diplomat:
n. one who is in charge to deal with others, like an ambassador, who is appointed to represent a government | disarray:
v. throw into disorder; break the array of. |
discard:
v. throw out something from one's hand; get rid of | discern:
v. detect; perceive, recognize, or understand something that is not clear |
disclose:
v. unclose; open; remove a cover or envelope from; lay open or expose to view | discord:
n. conflict; lack of agreement among persons, groups, or things |
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