abbreviation | n. shortening something by omitting parts of it |
abolish | v. cancel; put an end to; destroy completely |
aboriginal | a. being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native |
abound | v. be full of; be plentiful |
abrasion | n. scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something |
abridge | v. condense; shorten; reduce length of written text |
abundance | n. great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing |
accelerate | v. move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected |
acclaim | v. applaud; announce with great approval |
accommodation | n. living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience |
accord | n. settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states |
accumulate | v. pile up; collect; mount up; increase |
accuser | n. one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault |
acquaint | v. inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar |
adept | a. expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude |
adhere | v. stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with |
adjacent | a. adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near |
adjoin | v. be next to; be contiguous to; border on |
administrate | v. administer; supply; supervise or be in charge of |
adolescence | n. state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity |
advent | n. coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important |
adverse | a. in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose |
aerial | a. of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air |
aesthetic | a. elegant or tasteful; of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste |
affiliate | v. associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another |
affirm | v. state something as true; assert; confirm |
affix | v. fasten; append; add on; secure to something |
afflict | v. cause pain, suffering, or distress |
aggregate | v. gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to |
agitation | n. anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance |
agreeable | a. ready to consent or submit; acceptable |
airing | a. exposure to air for freshening or drying; exposure to public attention; radio or television broadcast |
albeit | ad. even though; although; notwithstanding |
allege | v. state without proof; assert to be true |
alleviate | v. provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part |
allocate | v. assign; distribute according to plan |
allot | v. parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot |
alloy | v. combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate |
alphabetical | a. arranged in customary order of the letters of a language |
ambiguity | n. state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty |
ambiguous | a. unclear or doubtful in meaning |
amend | v. change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors |
amid | ad. in the middle of; among; surrounded by |
amidst | ad. amid; in the middle of; among |
amplify | v. broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase |
analyse | v. resolve anything complex into its elements; separate into parts for examination of each separately |
analytical | a. of analysis; resolving into elements or parts |
ancestor | n. forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor |
anecdote | n. a short account of the amusing or interesting event; short narrative; a secret story of history or biography |
annihilate | v. destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence |
annuity | n. annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year |
antagonism | n. active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor |
antarctic | a. opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or the region near it |
anthology | n. book of literary selections by various authors |
apologetic | a. offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense |
apparatus | n. a group of parts that work together to perform a given function; appliance, or device for a particular purpose |
append | v. attach; add as supplement or appendix |
appliance | n. durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use |
applicant | n. candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job |
appraisal | n. assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth |
appreciable | a. large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible |
apprentice | n. works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner |
approximate | v. come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount |
apt | a. likely; precisely suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand |
aquatic | a. consisting of, relating to, or being in the water |
arbitrary | a. randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle |
archaic | a. no longer current or applicable; antiquated |
ardent | a. displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate |
arduous | a. demanding great effort or labor; difficult |
armour | n. defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons |
arouse | v. excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep |
array | v. set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement |
ascend | v. move up or climb something; mount |
ascent | n. upward slope or grade; movement upward |
ascertain | v. find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of |
ascribe | v. inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality |
aspiration | n. ambition; something that you hope to achieve |
aspire | v. seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end |
assert | v. declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly |
assorted | a. varied; consisting of various types mixed together |
astound | v. affect with wonder; surprise; shock |
attain | v. achieve or accomplish; gain |
attribute | n. essential quality; reputation; honor |
audible | a. perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear |
augment | v. make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity |
authoritative | a. weighting authority; peremptory and dictatorial |
automate | v. replace or enhance human labor with machines |
automation | n. the use of machines and computers that can operate without needing human control |
autonomy | n. independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination |
auxiliary | a. helper, additional or subsidiary |
avail | v. turn to the advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote |
avert | v. prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away |
aviation | n. art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics |
axis | n. the center around which something rotates; pivot |
badminton | n. game played on a court with light long-handled rackets |
baffle | v. frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of |
bamboo | n. plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries |
barometer | n. an instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere |
barricade | n. hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle |
barter | v. trade goods or services without the exchange of money |
bead | n. small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood that is pierced for stringing |
beautician | n. one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments |
beneficial | a. helpful; tending to promote physical well-being |
berth | n. space for the ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; the place to sleep or stay; appointment or job |
beset | v. attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in |
bewilder | v. lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes |
bibliography | n. list of works of a specific author or publisher; list of writings relating to a given subject |
bilateral | a. two-sided; mutual; involving two groups or countries |
bilingual | n. using or able to use two languages, especially with equal or nearly equal fluency |
bitumen | n. mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame |
bloc | n. a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action |
blot | n. spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; a weak point or failing |
blunder | n. serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion |
boast | v. show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride |
bookcase | n. case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors |
bookkeeper | n. one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office |
bookstall | n. stall where books are sold, as on the street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale |
boundary | n. dividing line; border; frontier |
boycott | v. refrain from buying or using |
brashness | n. characteristic of being brash; the trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness |
brisk | a. marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner |
browse | v. graze; skim or glance at casually |
bulge | v. cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude |
bungalow | n. small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic |
buoyant | a. able to float; cheerful and optimistic |
bureaucracy | n. over-regulated administrative system |
burrow | n. tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; moving through by or as by digging |
bustle | v. move or cause to move energetically and busily; teem |
calamity | n. the event that brings terrible loss, lasting distress, or severe affliction; disaster; misery |
calcium | n. silvery, moderately hard metallic element |
calorie | n. unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree |
canteen | n. a vessel used by soldiers for carrying water or other drinks; snack bar or small cafeteria |
caption | n. title; chapter heading; text under illustration |
carcass | n. the dead body of an animal, especially one slaughtered and dressed for food |
catalyst | n. an agent which brings about chemical change while it remains unaffected and unchanged |
caustic | a. capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating away by chemical action |
censor | n. overseer of morals; official responsible for removal of objectionable or sensitive content |
centenary | a. relating to a 100-year period; occurring once every 100 years |
certify | v. give certain information to; assure; make certain |
characterize | v. distinguish; be characteristic of; be a distinctive trait or mark of |
chasm | n. deep opening in the earth surface |
chaste | a. morally pure in thought or conduct; decent and modest |
chore | n. a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee |
chronological | a. arranged in order of time of occurrence |
circulate | v. move through space, circuit, or system, returning to the starting point |
circumference | n. the boundary line of a circle, figure, area, or object |
cite | v. quote; adduce as an instance |
clasp | n. fastening device; firm grip |
classify | v. declare unavailable, as for security reasons; arrange or order by classes or categories |
clockwise | ad. in the direction that the hands of a clock move |
cluster | n. group; bunch; group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely |
coarse | a. rough; harsh; of low, common, or inferior quality |
coeducation | n. system of education in which both men and women attend the same institution or classes |
cognitive | a. knowing or perceiving; part of mental functions that deals with logic |
coherent | a. adhesive; sticking together; capable of thinking and expressing yourself in a clear and consistent manner |
coil | n. a series of connected spirals or concentric rings formed by gathering or winding; spiral pipe or series of spiral pipes |
coincide | v. occur at the same time as; correspond |
collaboration | n. act of working together; act of cooperating with an enemy, especially it occupying one's own country |
collide | v. bump; hit something violently |
combustible | a. capable of igniting and burning; easily aroused or excited |
commemorate | v. serve as a memorial to; honor the memory of with a ceremony |
commend | v. commit, entrust, or give in charge for care or preservation; recommend as worthy of confidence or regard |
commodity | n. goods; article of trade; advantage; benefit |
commonplace | a. ordinary; having no remarkable features |
commute | v. obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; regularly travel from a place of residence to another place |
commuter | n. someone who regularly travels from home in a suburb to work in a city |
comparable | a. similar or equivalent; being of equal regard; worthy of being ranked with |
compel | v. force; coerce; necessitate or pressure by force |
compile | v. put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources |
complement | v. complete; consummate; make perfect |
compliance | n. readiness to yield; happy friendly agreement |
compose | v. write; create; make or create by putting together parts or elements |
composite | a. made up of distinct parts or elements; compounded |
compress | v. close; squeeze or press together; contract |
comprise | v. include; consist of; be composed of |
compulsory | a. mandatory; obligatory; required by rule |
compute | v. reckon; make a mathematical calculation |
concerted | a. planned or accomplished together; combined |
concise | a. brief and compact; expressing much in few words |
concoct | v. digest; convert into nourishment by the organs of nutrition |
concurrent | a. simultaneous; coincident; occurring or operating at the same time |
condense | v. change from a gaseous to a liquid state and fall in drops; compress or concentrate |
condolence | n. expression of sympathy with another in sorrow or grief. |
confer | v. bestow; present; have a conference in order to talk something over |
configuration | n. arrangement of parts or elements; outline |
confine | v. restrict in movement; circumscribe |
conform | v. comply with; follow; fit; meet |
congestion | n. act of gathering or heaping together or forming a mass |
congruent | a. possessing congruity; suitable; agreeing; corresponding |
conscientious | a. diligent; responsible; reliable |
consecutive | a. following one after another without interruption; sequential |
consequent | a. resulting; following as a logical conclusion |
conservation | n. preservation or restoration from loss, damage, or neglect |
conservatory | n. greenhouse; school of music or dramatic art |
conserve | v. retain; protect from loss or harm; preserve; use carefully or sparingly, avoiding waste |
consign | v. give, transfer, or deliver formally, as if by signing over into the possession of another |
consist | v. be made up or composed; be comprised or contained in |
consolidate | v. make solid; unite or press together into a compact mass; harden or make dense and firm |
conspicuous | a. noticeable; prominent; easy to notice; obvious |
constituent | n. component or part; citizen, voter |
constitute | v. make up; form something |
constrain | v. restrain; keep within close bounds; confine |
constrict | v. restrict; shrink; make smaller or narrower by binding or squeezing |
construct | v. form by assembling or combining parts; build; create |
contaminate | v. make impure or unclean by contact or mixture; pollute; defile |
contemplate | v. look at attentively and thoughtfully; observe deep in thought |
contend | v. strive in opposition; contest; dispute; struggle for |
contention | n. competing as for any profit or prize |
continuity | n. property of a continuous and connected period of time |
contradict | v. confront; state the opposite of what someone has said |
contradiction | n. the assertion of contrary; denial of the truth of a statement; opposition, whether by argument or conduct |
contrive | v. form by an exercise of ingenuity; invent or design |
convene | v. cause to come together formally |
converge | v. approach; tend to meet; come together |
converse | v. chat; talk informally; engage in a spoken exchange of thoughts |
conversely | ad. in a converse manner; with change of order or relation; reciprocally. |
correlate | v. relate; associate; bring into a mutual relation |
correspond | v. be compatible, similar or consistent; exchange messages |
correspondence | n. similarity or analogy; communication by the exchange of letters |
correspondent | a. one who communicates information, especially, by letter or telegram to newspaper or periodical |
corresponding | a. accompanying; analogous or equivalent in character, form, or function; comparable |
cosmopolitan | a. sophisticated; of worldwide scope |
cosy | n. padded or knitted covering placed especially over a teapot to keep the tea hot; cozy |
counterbalance | v. act as force or influence that balances, checks, or limits an opposite one |
counterpart | n. duplicate copy; one that closely resembles another |
crater | n. a bowl-shaped opening at the top of a volcano |
crease | n. a line or long thin mark made by folding or doubling |
criterion | n. standard of judging; any approved or established rule or test |
crouch | v. bend down; stoop low; lie close to the ground with the legs bent, as an animal when waiting for prey or in fear |
culminate | v. reach the highest or most decisive point; rise to the summit |
cultivate | v. improve and prepare, as by plowing or fertilizing, for raising crops; promote the growth of |
cumbersome | a. heavy; difficult to handle because of weight or bulk |
cumulative | a. increasing by successive addition |
curriculum | n. the subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college; course or program |
curtail | v. cut short or reduce; cut off end or tail, or any part |
custodian | n. a person who has responsibility for or looks after something; guardian |
deadlock | n. standstill resulting from the opposition of two forces or factions; stalemate |
dearth | n. scarcity; shortage of food; famine from failure or loss of crops |
decompose | v. decay, or to cause something to decay |
decrease | v. lessen; reduce; make a quantity smaller |
decrepit | a. weakened, worn out, or broken down by old age, illness, or hard use |
deduce | v. lead forth; conclude by reasoning; trace the origin or derivation of |
deduct | v. lead forth or out; take away, separate, or remove, in numbering, estimating, or calculating; subtract |
deem | v. decide; judge; sentence; condemn |
default | n. failure to act; an option that is selected automatically |
defer | v. delay till later; put off; hold back to a later time |
defiance | n. refusal to yield; readiness to contend or resist |
defile | v. pollute; make dirty or spotty |
deflate | v. reduce from an inflated condition; release contained air or gas from |
deflect | v. turn aside; draw someone's attention away from something |
defraud | v. deprive of some right, interest, or property, by a deceitful device |
deft | a. quick and skillful; neat in action or performance |
degrade | v. reduce level; lower grade of something |
delectable | a. delightful; delicious; extremely pleasing to the sense of taste |
delegate | n. a person authorized to act as a representative for another; deputy |
delirium | n. a mental disorder marked by confusion |
delude | v. deceive mind or judgment of; lead from truth or into error; frustrate or disappoint |
deluge | n. great flood; heavy downpour; any overflowing of water |
demolish | v. raze; destroy; do away with completely; put an end to |
denomination | n. class, society, or collection of individuals called by the same name; specifically, a religious sect |
denote | v. indicate; signify directly; refer to specifically |
depict | v. represent in a picture or sculpture; portray in words; describe |
deplete | v. decrease fullness of; use up or empty out |
depletion | n. act of emptying, reducing, or exhausting |
deplore | v. feel or express strong disapproval of; condemn; express sorrow or grief over; regret |
depress | v. lower in spirits; press down |
derelict | a. left and abandoned; negligent in performing a duty |
derive | v. obtain or receive from a source; trace the origin or development of |
descend | v. move downward and lower; come from; be connected by a relationship of blood |
designate | v. indicate or specify; point out; assign a name or title to |
desolate | a. unpopulated; providing no shelter or sustenance; devoid of inhabitants |
destine | v. intend or choose someone or something for a particular purpose or end |
detach | v. part; separate or disunite; disengage |
detain | v. keep back or from; withhold; restrain from proceeding; stay or stop; delay |
deter | v. keep from; stop; prevent or discourage from acting |
detriment | n. harm; damage; injury; something that causes damage, harm, or loss |
detrimental | a. causing damage or harm; injurious |
devastate | v. ruin; lay waste; destroy; make desolate |
deviate | v. turn away from a principle, norm; depart; diverge |
devise | v. form, plan, or arrange in mind; transmit or give by will |
devour | v. consume; eat greedily; destroy completely |
diagnose | v. analyze; examine; identify the cause of something |
diagram | n. graph; chart; figure or drawing made to illustrate a statement; plan |
dialect | n. vocabulary that is for a specific group of people |
diameter | n. length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference |
differentiate | v. set apart; distinguish; perceive or show the difference in or between |
diffuse | v. spread out widely; scatter freely; pour out and cause to spread freely |
dilapidated | a. in disrepair, run-down; of very poor quality or condition |
dilate | v. make wider or larger; cause to expand; enlarge; widen |
diligent | a. assiduous; industrious; hard-working |
dilute | v. weaken; make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid such as water |
diminish | v. dwindle; reduce; make smaller or less or to cause to appear so |
din | n. loud, confused, harsh noise; loud, continuous, rattling, or clanging sound |
dingy | a. darkened with smoke and grime; dirty or discolored |
diplomat | n. one who is in charge to deal with others, like an ambassador, who is appointed to represent a government |
disarray | v. throw into disorder; break the array of. |
discard | v. throw out something from one's hand; get rid of |
discern | v. detect; perceive, recognize, or understand something that is not clear |
disclose | v. unclose; open; remove a cover or envelope from; lay open or expose to view |
discord | n. conflict; lack of agreement among persons, groups, or things |
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