abolitionism | the doctrine that calls for the abolition of slavery |
advantage | benefit resulting from some event or action |
checks and balances | counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups |
chronological | arranged in order of time of occurrence |
Civil War | a war between factions in the same country |
consent of the governed | a phrase from the United States Declaration of Independence |
continental congresses | convention of delegates called together from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the American Revolution |
cotton gin | a machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibers |
depression | recession; economic slump; concavity in a surface produced by pressing ; sadness; low spirits |
disadvantage | drawback; defect; hinder; unfavorable condition or circumstance |
due process | the administration of justice according to established rules and principles; based on the principle that a person cannot be deprived of life or liberty or property without appropriate legal procedures and safeguards |
economic plan | an economic position favoring interventions in the market in the public interest on behalf of government |
federal government | a union of states under a central government distinct from the individual governments of the separate states |
federalism | the idea of a federal organization of more or less self-governing units |
finance | management of money and credit and banking and investments; subsidizing; fund |
founding fathers | people who founds or establishes something; member of the convention that drafted the U.S. Constitution in 1787 |
frontier | part of a country which fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region; border, confine, or extreme part of a country |
Gettysburg Address | a three-minute address by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg (November 19, 1863) |
Indian removal | a 19th-century policy of ethnic cleansing by the government of the United States to relocate Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the river |
inflation | general increase in the prices of goods and services in a country |
Jacksonian Democracy | the political movement toward greater democracy for the common man symbolized by American politician Andrew Jackson and his supporters |
Monroe Doctrine | an American foreign policy opposing interference in the western hemisphere from outside powers |
Northern states | The U.S. states that remained in the existing Union during the American Civil War |
nullification | the states'-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress |
plantation system | an economy which is based on agricultural mass production, usually of a few staple products grown on large farms called plantations |
political parties | organization to gain political power |
popular sovereignty | the principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, or elected representatives, who are the source of all political power |
Presidential election | the election of any head of state whose official title is President |
propaganda | organization or plan for spreading a particular doctrine or a system of principles |
protective tariff | a tariff imposed to protect domestic firms from import competition |
Reconstruction | the period after the American Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union; 1865-1877 |
reform movements | social movement that aims to make gradual change, or change in certain aspects of society, rather than rapid or fundamental changes |
Second Great Awakening | Protestant revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States. |
separation of powers | an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies |
social classes | people having the same social, economic, or educational status |
Southern states | the states of the southeastern US, especially the states that fought against the North in the US Civil War |
Supreme Court | the highest court in most states of the United States; the highest federal court in the United States; has final appellate jurisdiction and has jurisdiction over all other courts in the nation |
territorial acquisition | the addition of land to countries |
three branches of government | the separation of powers, often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias political principle, is a model for the governance of a state |
trial by jury | a legal proceeding in which a jury either makes a decision or makes findings of fact, which are then applied by a judge. |
union | an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer; a political unit formed from previously independent people or organizations |
utopian community | society possessing highly desirable or perfect qualities |
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