4000 CPE Vocabulary List

a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things

state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate

alcoholic beverage taken before a meal as an appetizer

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem

incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert

repetition of a beginning sound in poetry

brutal deed; atrocious condition, quality, or behavior; monstrousness

state without proof; assert to be true

subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise

having properties of vinegar; sour

arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured

highest point; vertex; summit; climax

person with power to decide a dispute; judge

a chronological record of the events of successive years

make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position

shortening something by omitting parts of it

a group of persons together in one place

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

wear away by friction; scrape; erode

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

abnormal;  markedly different from an accepted norm

a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

characteristic of dawn; dawning, eastern, like a new beginning; relating to the atmospheric phenomenon auroras

aid, usually in doing something wrong; encourage

indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor

not normal; unusual or irregular; not representative of a group, class, or type

estimate value of; evaluate, especially in an official capacity

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation

suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension

definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion

curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease

mental keenness; quickness of perception

fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

inform; give notice to; make aware

not identical on both sides of a dividing central line

burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner

washing or cleansing of the body, especially as part of religious rite

make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

reluctant; disinclined; turned away or backward; unwilling

give up or surrender; deny something to oneself

oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

astonish; affect with wonder

deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

inherited or inheritable by established rules

assign; distribute according to plan

state something as true; assert; confirm

act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

in or into a high place; high or higher up

dictator; ruler having unlimited power

make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

deep gully; a dry gulch; brook or creek; watercourse

collect; gather for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit

soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash; one of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, and ammonia

detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

able to pay for

being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion

growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion

unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

obscure; profound; difficult to understand

confederate; partner; collaborator

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

be full of; be plentiful

wear away by friction; scrape; erode

the mechanism that imitates actions of humans

eye defect that prevents proper focus

make or declare void or invalid; reduce to nothing

scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

fit for growing crops, as by plowing

attractive or interesting; charming

suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong

condense; shorten; reduce length of written text

into separate parts or pieces; apart

abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

emphasize; stress; pronounce with stress or accent; mark with an accent

nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place

burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution

self-evident truth requiring no proof

applaud; announce with great approval

assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

strong feeling of aversion; dislike

acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use

reluctant; disinclined; turned away or backward; unwilling

unpleasantly sharp or bitter to taste or smell; bitterly pungent

refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

move up or climb something; mount

upward slope or grade; movement upward

sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

obscure; profound; difficult to understand

growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion

denying existence of God; godless

easily approachable; warmly friendly

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

worsen; make worse or more troublesome

change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

plentiful; possessing riches or resources

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned

border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent

in the manner of an uncle, about uncle; kind, genial, benevolent, or tolerant

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

a person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution

one of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

nook; small, recessed section of a room

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor

fit for growing crops, as by plowing

agree; give consent, often at the insistence of another; concede

emphasize; stress; pronounce with stress or accent; mark with an accent

mental keenness; quickness of perception

regarding human beings as the center of the universe

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease

comparable; similar or alike

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent

additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

free of artificiality; natural; open and honest

ambition; something that you hope to achieve

air; a mixture of gases that surrounds any planet

group of closely located islands

applaud; announce with great approval

close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited

accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt

deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule

study of artifacts and relics of early humankind

upward slope, as of hill

able to walk; formed or adapted for walking; not stationary

bothersome; troublesome; irritating

causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere

sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

award of merit; expression of approval; praise

wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease

act of accompanying someone or something

calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

attractive or interesting; charming

cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful

preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

art of training by athletic exercises; games and sports of athletes

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

open declaration; frank acknowledgment

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

characteristic of dawn; dawning, eastern, like a new beginning; relating to the atmospheric phenomenon auroras

make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

equip; provide with military equipment

a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

wear away by friction; scrape; erode

authorize; commission; give credit for

source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain

growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion

one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position

blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash; one of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, and ammonia

a chronological record of the events of successive years

a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place

blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

give up or surrender; deny something to oneself

flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

put into motion or action; activate

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone

having properties of vinegar; sour

achieve or accomplish; gain

cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone

slightly sour in taste or manner; sharp; caustic

prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

sky blue; light purplish-blue

fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup; a cone-shaped piece of wood

repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

a person who adheres; one who follows or upholds a leader, party, cause

science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things

instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

assent; agree without protesting

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

unclear or doubtful in meaning

essential quality; reputation; honor

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

eye defect that prevents proper focus

upward slope or grade; movement upward

unpleasantly sharp or bitter to taste or smell; bitterly pungent

confederate; partner; collaborator

bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

with a sideways or indirect look; Turned to side, especially of eyes

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

weighting authority; peremptory and dictatorial

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

entire horn, or any branch of the horn

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

support; active pleading on behalf of something

able to pay for

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

displaying characteristics of previous cultural era or previous ancestral form

support; active pleading on behalf of something

put into motion or action; activate

independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

attach; add as supplement or appendix

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

bothersome; troublesome; irritating

sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

mental keenness; quickness of perception

area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits

unpleasantly sharp or bitter to taste or smell; bitterly pungent

one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality

declare openly; acknowledge openly, boldly, and unashamedly

wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

be full of; be plentiful

essential quality; reputation; honor

flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

a way of considering or doing something

awesome; astounding; surprising

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

something you cannot stop taking once you have started

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

help, especially money or resources that are given to people

having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

muddle; drive crazy; become confused

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

repetition of a beginning sound in poetry

attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

displaying characteristics of previous cultural era or previous ancestral form

a person who adheres; one who follows or upholds a leader, party, cause

expecting absolute obedience; completely dominating another's will

embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert

composition; a plan for how something will happen

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

a passage from one form or state to another; change

convenient features; courtesies

come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

be next to; be contiguous to; border on

pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar connecting the opposite wheels

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

text character used to mark the possessive or to show the omission of letters or numbers

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath

sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

upward slope or grade; movement upward

a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

elevation to godhood; fact or action of becoming a god; an ideal example of something

demanding great effort or labor; difficult

leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

warn; counsel someone against something to be avoided

dictator; ruler having unlimited power

brutal deed; atrocious condition, quality, or behavior; monstrousness

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

state without proof; assert to be true

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; deformity returning after the passage of two or more generations

suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong

clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

something appended to or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it

in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion

a person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution

act of accepting with approval

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

with reference or regard; in respect

act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments

deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

very similarly; roughly

attractive or interesting; charming

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

text character used to mark the possessive or to show the omission of letters or numbers

appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

skillful and adept under pressing conditions

a violent attack; an onslaught

act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise

make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

the continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

give hint or indication of something; disclose partially or guardedly; overshadow; shade

the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition

worsen; make worse or more troublesome

fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate

formless; lacking shape or definition

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere

science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

accidental; casual; not inherent but added extrinsically

associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

attach; add as supplement or appendix

support; active pleading on behalf of something

untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place

easily approachable; warmly friendly

fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

not normal; unusual or irregular; not representative of a group, class, or type

the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition

put into motion or action; activate

associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone

displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

claim without justification; claim for oneself without the right

state something as true; assert; confirm

having properties of vinegar; sour

affect with wonder; surprise; shock

pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

roof-like cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind

constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent

positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

estimate value of; evaluate, especially in an official capacity

composition; a plan for how something will happen

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance

positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath

estimate value of; evaluate, especially in an official capacity

cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

in a position that is turned toward one side; away from the correct course

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance

expecting absolute obedience; completely dominating another's will

wear away by friction; scrape; erode

able to pay for

candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

study of artifacts and relics of early humankind

hereditary nobility; privileged class

turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle

arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured

additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

outcome; consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune

convenient features; courtesies

be full of; be plentiful

being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

not identical on both sides of a dividing central line

being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

slightly sour in taste or manner; sharp; caustic

increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible

any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

worsen; make worse or more troublesome

act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong

any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

open declaration; frank acknowledgment

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

a physicist who studies astronomy

struck by shock, terror, or amazement

a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

equip; provide with military equipment

cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

give up or surrender; deny something to oneself

theory of numerical calculations

burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

help, especially money or resources that are given to people

one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality

fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

demanding great effort or labor; difficult

strong feeling of aversion; dislike

fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup; a cone-shaped piece of wood

sickness;a slight but often persistent illness

one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

be broadcast on television or radio

candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

regarding human beings as the center of the universe

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

a gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in the workforce without firing employees; wearing away through harassment

aloft; flying; in the air

the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

with a sideways or indirect look; Turned to side, especially of eyes

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

responsive to advise or suggestion; responsible to a higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

put into motion or action; activate

area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

attach; add as supplement or appendix

nook; small, recessed section of a room

lack of interest, or the attitude of not caring resulting from it; the indifference

amazed; very surprised

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt

activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment

established procedure for solving problem

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

arrangement; association; alliance

providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

be earlier in time; go back further

acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use

art of training by athletic exercises; games and sports of athletes

soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash; one of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, and ammonia

arrangement; association; alliance

affect with wonder; surprise; shock

consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

act of awaking from sleep; arousing from what is like sleep

fit for growing crops, as by plowing

calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion

untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong

inform; give notice to; make aware

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

affect with wonder; surprise; shock

state without proof; assert to be true

sign of something coming; art or practice of foretelling events by signs or omens

act of accepting with approval

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

act of being present

repetition of a beginning sound in poetry

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

assign; distribute according to plan

embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert

no longer current or applicable; antiquated

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition

refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion

inform; give notice to; make aware

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

something you cannot stop taking once you have started

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

art of training by athletic exercises; games and sports of athletes

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

struck by shock, terror, or amazement

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

be earlier in time; go back further

indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor

sky blue; light purplish-blue

a violent attack; an onslaught

confederate; partner; collaborator

plentiful; possessing riches or resources

antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times

regarding human beings as the center of the universe

large cage, building, or enclosure in which birds are reared or kept

in or into a high place; high or higher up

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

a group of persons together in one place

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

officially charge someone in a court of law

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease

agree; give consent, often at the insistence of another; concede

a passage from one form or state to another; change

highest point; vertex; summit; climax

nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place

resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; deformity returning after the passage of two or more generations

unselfishly generous; concerned for others

in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

combine; unite in one body; mix or alloy metal with mercury

any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation

collect; gather for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit

excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise

having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

confederate; partner; collaborator

astonish; affect with wonder

open declaration; frank acknowledgment

theory of numerical calculations

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

awesome; astounding; surprising

unpleasantly sharp or bitter to taste or smell; bitterly pungent

aloft; flying; in the air

equip; provide with military equipment

muddle; drive crazy; become confused

with reference or regard; in respect

capable of using either hand with equal ease

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

contrast; direct contrast; opposition

easily approachable; warmly friendly

art of training by athletic exercises; games and sports of athletes

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

unclear or doubtful in meaning

assault; attack with or as if with violent blows

moved by sexual love; loving

person with power to decide a dispute; judge

group of closely located islands

repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something

be present at; go to; take care of; tend

experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

state without proof; assert to be true

act of accompanying someone or something

providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate

person with power to decide a dispute; judge

fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup; a cone-shaped piece of wood

fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate

in a position that is turned toward one side; away from the correct course

mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

art of training by athletic exercises; games and sports of athletes

formless; lacking shape or definition

pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar connecting the opposite wheels

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

demanding great effort or labor; difficult

able to walk; formed or adapted for walking; not stationary

prove genuine; establish authenticity of

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

make or become better; improve; grow better

convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible

the sharpness of temper; roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate

sky blue; light purplish-blue

washing or cleansing of the body, especially as part of religious rite

responsive to advise or suggestion; responsible to a higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

not normal; unusual or irregular; not representative of a group, class, or type

prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned

change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

a passage from one form or state to another; change

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting

convenient features; courtesies

a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

give hint or indication of something; disclose partially or guardedly; overshadow; shade

convenient features; courtesies

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

attach; add as supplement or appendix

good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly

capable of using either hand with equal ease

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension

person with power to decide a dispute; judge

leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

a gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in the workforce without firing employees; wearing away through harassment

accidental; casual; not inherent but added extrinsically

one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality

broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

moved by sexual love; loving

fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

formless; lacking shape or definition

not identical on both sides of a dividing central line

claim without justification; claim for oneself without the right

able to live both on land and in water

authorize; commission; give credit for

definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion

a passage from one form or state to another; change

a passage from one form or state to another; change

oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner

act or state of attending or heeding; application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought

a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

comparable; similar or alike

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

with a sideways or indirect look; Turned to side, especially of eyes

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

struck by shock, terror, or amazement

resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; deformity returning after the passage of two or more generations

fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

difficult to handle or manage

comparable; similar or alike

attractive or interesting; charming

the mechanism that imitates actions of humans

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

inherited or inheritable by established rules

wear away by friction; scrape; erode

positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath

positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits

theory of numerical calculations

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem

untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

dictator; ruler having unlimited power

inherited or inheritable by established rules

turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle

family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage

aloft; flying; in the air

attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous

wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease

serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary

officially charge someone in a court of law

attractive or interesting; charming

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

with a sideways or indirect look; Turned to side, especially of eyes

the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

state something as true; assert; confirm

characteristic of dawn; dawning, eastern, like a new beginning; relating to the atmospheric phenomenon auroras

of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing

sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner

amazed; very surprised

difficult to handle or manage

the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition

cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

a chronological record of the events of successive years

convenient features; courtesies

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

tree-dwelling; treelike; living in trees

able to live both on land and in water

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

prove genuine; establish authenticity of

amazed; very surprised

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

comment; make explanatory notes

aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

award of merit; expression of approval; praise

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

declare openly; acknowledge openly, boldly, and unashamedly

bothersome; troublesome; irritating

appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

a passage from one form or state to another; change

support; active pleading on behalf of something

annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

unselfishly generous; concerned for others

make or declare void or invalid; reduce to nothing

serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary

upward slope or grade; movement upward

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

authorize; commission; give credit for

be full of; be plentiful

in or into a high place; high or higher up

ash-colored; very pale; consisting of ashes

apply oil or similar substance to; put oil on during religious ceremony as a sign of sanctification or consecration.

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule

exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome

give hint or indication of something; disclose partially or guardedly; overshadow; shade

area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits

comparable; similar or alike

being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

precede; go before in time, and sometimes in place, rank, or logical order

repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

declare openly; acknowledge openly, boldly, and unashamedly

be present at; go to; take care of; tend

eye defect that prevents proper focus

large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

be earlier in time; go back further

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

sign of something coming; art or practice of foretelling events by signs or omens

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

mental keenness; quickness of perception

antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times

skillful and adept under pressing conditions

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

make slender, fine, or small; weaken; lessen the density of

calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

book of literary selections by various authors

repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

regarding human beings as the center of the universe

depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak

scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

elevation to godhood; fact or action of becoming a god; an ideal example of something

having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

very similarly; roughly

a person who adheres; one who follows or upholds a leader, party, cause

having human form or characteristics

append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

affect with wonder; surprise; shock

any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

in a position that is turned toward one side; away from the correct course

subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

ease or lessen pain; satisfy or appease

assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

slightly sour in taste or manner; sharp; caustic

the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

book of literary selections by various authors

the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited

assault; attack with or as if with violent blows

resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; deformity returning after the passage of two or more generations

strong feeling of aversion; dislike

constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

capable of using either hand with equal ease

muddle; drive crazy; become confused

contrast; direct contrast; opposition

resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; deformity returning after the passage of two or more generations

annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

composition; a plan for how something will happen

entire horn, or any branch of the horn

sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

a place where different tree varieties are exhibited

plentiful; possessing riches or resources

a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering

feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

a group of persons together in one place

equip; provide with military equipment

lack of interest, or the attitude of not caring resulting from it; the indifference

the continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits

easily approachable; warmly friendly

one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

collect; gather for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit

fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold

alcoholic beverage taken before a meal as an appetizer

opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

capable of using either hand with equal ease

study of artifacts and relics of early humankind

of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing

highest point; vertex; summit; climax

able to pay for

regarding human beings as the center of the universe

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

loss of speech due to injury or illness

attractive or interesting; charming

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

act of being present

definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion

be earlier in time; go back further

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

accidental; casual; not inherent but added extrinsically

sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar connecting the opposite wheels

poise; self-confident assurance

person with power to decide a dispute; judge

having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited

subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone

serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

a person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution

characteristic of dawn; dawning, eastern, like a new beginning; relating to the atmospheric phenomenon auroras

act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

very similarly; roughly

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

convenient features; courtesies

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

hereditary nobility; privileged class

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

help, especially money or resources that are given to people

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

text character used to mark the possessive or to show the omission of letters or numbers

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting

elevation to godhood; fact or action of becoming a god; an ideal example of something

support; active pleading on behalf of something

depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak

oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

in a position that is turned toward one side; away from the correct course

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

ghostly figure; sudden or unusual sight; appearance; state of being visible

alcoholic beverage taken before a meal as an appetizer

expecting absolute obedience; completely dominating another's will

attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

attractive or interesting; charming

book of literary selections by various authors

ash-colored; very pale; consisting of ashes

subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

convenient features; courtesies

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

abnormal;  markedly different from an accepted norm

name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

attach; add as supplement or appendix

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

having properties of vinegar; sour

declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

a gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in the workforce without firing employees; wearing away through harassment

having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

something appended to or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it

detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

declare to be true; affirm

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent

difficult to handle or manage

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

affect with wonder; surprise; shock

apply oil or similar substance to; put oil on during religious ceremony as a sign of sanctification or consecration.

capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent

having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

moved by sexual love; loving

convenient features; courtesies

close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

a person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution

additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

attach; add as supplement or appendix

strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited

one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

astonish; affect with wonder

assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

estimate value of; evaluate, especially in an official capacity

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

sign of something coming; art or practice of foretelling events by signs or omens

large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

unpleasantly sharp or bitter to taste or smell; bitterly pungent

obscure; profound; difficult to understand

self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent

declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

person with power to decide a dispute; judge

deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

muddle; drive crazy; become confused

clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

applaud; announce with great approval

constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath

inform; give notice to; make aware

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

a way of considering or doing something

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

move up or climb something; mount

expression of warm approval; praise

hereditary nobility; privileged class

put into motion or action; activate

acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use