4000 CPE Vocabulary List

be next to; be contiguous to; border on

put into motion or action; activate

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated

a way of considering or doing something

humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem

highest point; vertex; summit; climax

a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert

preventing infection; having cleansing effect

subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

a way of considering or doing something

a violent attack; an onslaught

elevation to godhood; fact or action of becoming a god; an ideal example of something

moved by sexual love; loving

make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

roof-like cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind

name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

shortening something by omitting parts of it

make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

abnormal;  markedly different from an accepted norm

be full of; be plentiful

give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

characteristic of dawn; dawning, eastern, like a new beginning; relating to the atmospheric phenomenon auroras

abnormal;  markedly different from an accepted norm

subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible

aid, usually in doing something wrong; encourage

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

having human form or characteristics

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

sky blue; light purplish-blue

suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

unclear or doubtful in meaning

fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate

large cage, building, or enclosure in which birds are reared or kept

poise; self-confident assurance

wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

preventing infection; having cleansing effect

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

skillful and adept under pressing conditions

fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

washing or cleansing of the body, especially as part of religious rite

formless; lacking shape or definition

give up or surrender; deny something to oneself

expression of warm approval; praise

responsive to advise or suggestion; responsible to a higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable

independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

upward slope or grade; movement upward

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits

refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion

state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

with reference or regard; in respect

definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion

easily approachable; warmly friendly

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

formless; lacking shape or definition

able to walk; formed or adapted for walking; not stationary

utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

inform; give notice to; make aware

strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited

sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

text character used to mark the possessive or to show the omission of letters or numbers

unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

be full of; be plentiful

sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; deformity returning after the passage of two or more generations

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

wear away by friction; scrape; erode

a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering

source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain

approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

in a position that is turned toward one side; away from the correct course

attractive or interesting; charming

condense; shorten; reduce length of written text

assent; agree without protesting

experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

mental keenness; quickness of perception

consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

easily approachable; warmly friendly

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

established procedure for solving problem

leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution

fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

inform; give notice to; make aware

bothersome; troublesome; irritating

having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

estimate  value; judge worth of something

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice

a person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution

moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

struck by shock, terror, or amazement

positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory

sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

estimate value of; evaluate, especially in an official capacity

obscure; profound; difficult to understand

fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate

antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

ghostly figure; sudden or unusual sight; appearance; state of being visible

plentiful; possessing riches or resources

consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

comparable; similar or alike

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent

antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times

one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position

bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

established procedure for solving problem

act of accompanying someone or something

a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

able to walk; formed or adapted for walking; not stationary

convenient features; courtesies

theory of numerical calculations

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

contrast; direct contrast; opposition

agree; give consent, often at the insistence of another; concede

self-evident truth requiring no proof

emphasize; stress; pronounce with stress or accent; mark with an accent

subtle but base deception; trickery; cleverness or skill; ingenuity

a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

in the manner of an uncle, about uncle; kind, genial, benevolent, or tolerant

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

able to walk; formed or adapted for walking; not stationary

bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

something appended to or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it

additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

applaud; announce with great approval

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

art of training by athletic exercises; games and sports of athletes

positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory

turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle

dictator; ruler having unlimited power

accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt

upward slope, as of hill

unclear or doubtful in meaning

nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place

in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

one of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble

make slender, fine, or small; weaken; lessen the density of

award of merit; expression of approval; praise

secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

act of accompanying someone or something

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

agree; give consent, often at the insistence of another; concede

attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

abnormal;  markedly different from an accepted norm

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

bothersome; troublesome; irritating

act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

established procedure for solving problem

constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent

incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble

approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

a violent attack; an onslaught

causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere

attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

equip; provide with military equipment

broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

assault; attack with or as if with violent blows

authorize; commission; give credit for

growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion

the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone

a physicist who studies astronomy

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place

a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time

aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting

essential quality; reputation; honor

prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned

eye defect that prevents proper focus

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

theory of numerical calculations

blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone

utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

applaud; announce with great approval

having properties of vinegar; sour

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

washing or cleansing of the body, especially as part of religious rite

be next to; be contiguous to; border on

slightly sour in taste or manner; sharp; caustic

a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup; a cone-shaped piece of wood

act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

no longer current or applicable; antiquated

declare to be true; affirm

science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

act of accepting with approval

greediness for wealth; the insatiable desire to gain

mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

assent; agree without protesting

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

fit for growing crops, as by plowing

declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

unpleasantly sharp or bitter to taste or smell; bitterly pungent

a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

applaud; announce with great approval

nook; small, recessed section of a room

bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

slightly sour in taste or manner; sharp; caustic

estimate value of; evaluate, especially in an official capacity

sky blue; light purplish-blue

inherited or inheritable by established rules

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

into separate parts or pieces; apart

wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere

blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

put into motion or action; activate

not normal; unusual or irregular; not representative of a group, class, or type

flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

displaying characteristics of previous cultural era or previous ancestral form

leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use

sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

mental keenness; quickness of perception

study of artifacts and relics of early humankind

prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned

aloft; flying; in the air

be broadcast on television or radio

oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere

wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

a person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution

flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension

leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

in a position that is turned toward one side; away from the correct course

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

upward slope, as of hill

cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible

feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

something you cannot stop taking once you have started

claim without justification; claim for oneself without the right

bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

be full of; be plentiful

analyze; evaluate; examine by trial or experiment; put to the test

aloft; flying; in the air

muddle; drive crazy; become confused

bothersome; troublesome; irritating

dictator; ruler having unlimited power

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

fit for growing crops, as by plowing

experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

a person who adheres; one who follows or upholds a leader, party, cause

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

shortening something by omitting parts of it

fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

study of artifacts and relics of early humankind

soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash; one of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, and ammonia

be next to; be contiguous to; border on

capable of using either hand with equal ease

able to pay for

hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing

able to live both on land and in water

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath

incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble

theory of numerical calculations

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

express agreement to what is alleged or proposed; accept

warn; counsel someone against something to be avoided

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

authorize; commission; give credit for

burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

alcoholic beverage taken before a meal as an appetizer

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

demanding great effort or labor; difficult

detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

act of accepting with approval

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something

something you cannot stop taking once you have started

act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount

act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

ash-colored; very pale; consisting of ashes

blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments

curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

declare openly; acknowledge openly, boldly, and unashamedly

deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

able to pay for

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

skillful and adept under pressing conditions

give up or surrender; deny something to oneself

ambition; something that you hope to achieve

leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise

hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

authorize; commission; give credit for

fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion

offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

give hint or indication of something; disclose partially or guardedly; overshadow; shade

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time

unselfishly generous; concerned for others

accidental; casual; not inherent but added extrinsically

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

attach; add as supplement or appendix

causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere

repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

art of training by athletic exercises; games and sports of athletes

support; active pleading on behalf of something

subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent

nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place

a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things

a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

easily approachable; warmly friendly

constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent

utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

warn; counsel someone against something to be avoided

associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath

contrast; direct contrast; opposition

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance

state something as true; assert; confirm

a place where different tree varieties are exhibited

loss of speech due to injury or illness

able to pay for

a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

the mechanism that imitates actions of humans

positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

shortening something by omitting parts of it

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

a way of considering or doing something

demanding great effort or labor; difficult

cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

ease or lessen pain; satisfy or appease

attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous

ash-colored; very pale; consisting of ashes

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

be present at; go to; take care of; tend

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

be full of; be plentiful

denying existence of God; godless

able to pay for

bothersome; troublesome; irritating

insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

make slender, fine, or small; weaken; lessen the density of

a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things

outcome; consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune

be earlier in time; go back further

collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

slightly sour in taste or manner; sharp; caustic

increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

help, especially money or resources that are given to people

make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

ash-colored; very pale; consisting of ashes

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

worsen; make worse or more troublesome

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar connecting the opposite wheels

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate

preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

struck by shock, terror, or amazement

into separate parts or pieces; apart

highest point; vertex; summit; climax

serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary

causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

unselfishly generous; concerned for others

cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

comment; make explanatory notes

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar connecting the opposite wheels

pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality

collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

a gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in the workforce without firing employees; wearing away through harassment

pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly

growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion

accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt

sickness;a slight but often persistent illness

confederate; partner; collaborator

detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

be broadcast on television or radio

deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

emphasize; stress; pronounce with stress or accent; mark with an accent

aloft; flying; in the air

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome

deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

assault; attack with or as if with violent blows

agree; give consent, often at the insistence of another; concede

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting

having properties of vinegar; sour

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing

make slender, fine, or small; weaken; lessen the density of

nook; small, recessed section of a room

brutal deed; atrocious condition, quality, or behavior; monstrousness

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

make or become better; improve; grow better

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

established procedure for solving problem

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

characteristic of dawn; dawning, eastern, like a new beginning; relating to the atmospheric phenomenon auroras

arrangement; association; alliance

give up or surrender; deny something to oneself

providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution

feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

theory of numerical calculations

open declaration; frank acknowledgment

oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash; one of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, and ammonia

feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

condense; shorten; reduce length of written text

calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

sickness;a slight but often persistent illness

skillful and adept under pressing conditions

in the manner of an uncle, about uncle; kind, genial, benevolent, or tolerant

arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured

suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong

having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

in or into a high place; high or higher up

state without proof; assert to be true

assent; agree without protesting

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

not identical on both sides of a dividing central line

award of merit; expression of approval; praise

collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

repetition of a beginning sound in poetry

displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

assign; distribute according to plan

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule

not normal; unusual or irregular; not representative of a group, class, or type

refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion

accidental; casual; not inherent but added extrinsically

feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak

achieve or accomplish; gain

fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

greediness for wealth; the insatiable desire to gain

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt

act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

analyze; evaluate; examine by trial or experiment; put to the test

broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor

active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

confederate; partner; collaborator

having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited

exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome

a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

in or into a high place; high or higher up

turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle

give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

alcoholic beverage taken before a meal as an appetizer

a passage from one form or state to another; change

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

unselfishly generous; concerned for others

something you cannot stop taking once you have started

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

combine; unite in one body; mix or alloy metal with mercury

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

ghostly figure; sudden or unusual sight; appearance; state of being visible

act of awaking from sleep; arousing from what is like sleep

achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful

collect; gather for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit

declare to be true; affirm

astonish; affect with wonder

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

authorize; commission; give credit for

combine; unite in one body; mix or alloy metal with mercury

awesome; astounding; surprising

fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar connecting the opposite wheels

capable of using either hand with equal ease

having properties of vinegar; sour

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

support; active pleading on behalf of something

in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

make or become better; improve; grow better

unclear or doubtful in meaning

increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something

science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak

close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

large cage, building, or enclosure in which birds are reared or kept

wear away by friction; scrape; erode

appealing; pleasing; inviting; tempting

state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate

responsive to advise or suggestion; responsible to a higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable

mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

in or into a high place; high or higher up

make slender, fine, or small; weaken; lessen the density of

moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

be earlier in time; go back further

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor

equip; provide with military equipment

able to walk; formed or adapted for walking; not stationary

fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup; a cone-shaped piece of wood

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

make or become better; improve; grow better

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

responsive to advise or suggestion; responsible to a higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable

appealing; pleasing; inviting; tempting

obscure; profound; difficult to understand

change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

established procedure for solving problem

burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality

having human form or characteristics

claim without justification; claim for oneself without the right

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

confederate; partner; collaborator

subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

convenient features; courtesies

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

sickness;a slight but often persistent illness

increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

strong feeling of aversion; dislike

good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome

increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time

displaying characteristics of previous cultural era or previous ancestral form

embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert

utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

moved by sexual love; loving

wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution

being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

formless; lacking shape or definition

feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

able to live both on land and in water

experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

inform; give notice to; make aware

oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

appealing; pleasing; inviting; tempting

having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

subtle but base deception; trickery; cleverness or skill; ingenuity

biography or story written by yourself

not normal; unusual or irregular; not representative of a group, class, or type

having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

bothersome; troublesome; irritating

art of training by athletic exercises; games and sports of athletes

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly

serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

subtle but base deception; trickery; cleverness or skill; ingenuity

state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate

depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak

comparable; similar or alike

act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

attach; add as supplement or appendix

be next to; be contiguous to; border on

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

capable of using either hand with equal ease

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time

a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent

amazed; very surprised

enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble

a way of considering or doing something

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

inherited or inheritable by established rules

additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

be earlier in time; go back further

family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage

burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary

eye defect that prevents proper focus

area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits

experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

award of merit; expression of approval; praise

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner

tree-dwelling; treelike; living in trees

greediness for wealth; the insatiable desire to gain

person with power to decide a dispute; judge

approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition

come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount

insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

a chronological record of the events of successive years

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

fit for growing crops, as by plowing

make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

award of merit; expression of approval; praise

move up or climb something; mount

append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times

moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

comment; make explanatory notes

give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

bothersome; troublesome; irritating

fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate

attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

state without proof; assert to be true

annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

highest point; vertex; summit; climax

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

make or declare void or invalid; reduce to nothing

claim without justification; claim for oneself without the right

act of accompanying someone or something

the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

washing or cleansing of the body, especially as part of religious rite

aid, usually in doing something wrong; encourage

source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain

assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

apply oil or similar substance to; put oil on during religious ceremony as a sign of sanctification or consecration.

serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule

attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

comment; make explanatory notes

express agreement to what is alleged or proposed; accept

source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain

active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

precede; go before in time, and sometimes in place, rank, or logical order

give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath

experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

composition; a plan for how something will happen

skillful and adept under pressing conditions

be earlier in time; go back further

support; active pleading on behalf of something

a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

assent; agree without protesting

the continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

book of literary selections by various authors

regarding human beings as the center of the universe

capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance

deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

be full of; be plentiful

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

regarding human beings as the center of the universe

award of merit; expression of approval; praise

aid, usually in doing something wrong; encourage

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

easily approachable; warmly friendly

contrast; direct contrast; opposition

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

having human form or characteristics

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

free of artificiality; natural; open and honest

scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

muddle; drive crazy; become confused

any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

a passage from one form or state to another; change

act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

be full of; be plentiful

consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

in a position that is turned toward one side; away from the correct course

with reference or regard; in respect

strong feeling of aversion; dislike

a person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

make or declare void or invalid; reduce to nothing

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

analyze; evaluate; examine by trial or experiment; put to the test

a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

state without proof; assert to be true

attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous

contrast; direct contrast; opposition

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

entire horn, or any branch of the horn

the continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

amazed; very surprised

a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering

leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

estimate  value; judge worth of something

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

officially charge someone in a court of law

deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

lack of interest, or the attitude of not caring resulting from it; the indifference

of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing

pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

alcoholic beverage taken before a meal as an appetizer

superiority or decisive advantage; domination

repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

not identical on both sides of a dividing central line

inherited or inheritable by established rules

the sharpness of temper; roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate

highest point; vertex; summit; climax

the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone

pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar connecting the opposite wheels

contrast; direct contrast; opposition

loss of speech due to injury or illness

curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

ambition; something that you hope to achieve

sign of something coming; art or practice of foretelling events by signs or omens

definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion

contrast; direct contrast; opposition

offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

estimate value of; evaluate, especially in an official capacity

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

poise; self-confident assurance

amazed; very surprised

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

comparable; similar or alike

untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

estimate  value; judge worth of something

change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

a physicist who studies astronomy

cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited

name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

in the manner of an uncle, about uncle; kind, genial, benevolent, or tolerant

having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

with reference or regard; in respect

deep gully; a dry gulch; brook or creek; watercourse

offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

a person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution

affect with wonder; surprise; shock

make or become better; improve; grow better

any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

highest point; vertex; summit; climax

able to live both on land and in water

fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold

one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

text character used to mark the possessive or to show the omission of letters or numbers

aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something

something, such as an accomplishment or achievement; achievement

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

elevation to godhood; fact or action of becoming a god; an ideal example of something

attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

act of accepting with approval

depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak

mental keenness; quickness of perception

aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent

ghostly figure; sudden or unusual sight; appearance; state of being visible

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

be broadcast on television or radio

attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

book of literary selections by various authors

the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited

attractive or interesting; charming

a violent attack; an onslaught

equip; provide with military equipment

cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

biography or story written by yourself

name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

support; active pleading on behalf of something

subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

attach; add as supplement or appendix

mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

something appended to or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

attractive or interesting; charming

fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment

calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance

easily approachable; warmly friendly

the sharpness of temper; roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate

state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

apply oil or similar substance to; put oil on during religious ceremony as a sign of sanctification or consecration.

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

attractive or interesting; charming

achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful

strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited

agree; give consent, often at the insistence of another; concede

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

characteristic of dawn; dawning, eastern, like a new beginning; relating to the atmospheric phenomenon auroras

serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary

one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

estimate value of; evaluate, especially in an official capacity

in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

combine; unite in one body; mix or alloy metal with mercury

large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

in a position that is turned toward one side; away from the correct course

displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

group of closely located islands

fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

put into motion or action; activate

greediness for wealth; the insatiable desire to gain

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position

offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

expression of warm approval; praise

inform; give notice to; make aware

deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup; a cone-shaped piece of wood

prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned

the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone

a way of considering or doing something

support; active pleading on behalf of something

expression of warm approval; praise

leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use