4000 Duolingo Vocabulary List

be full of; be plentiful

lacking restraint or control; feeling of extreme emotional intensity; unbounded enthusiasm

in or into a high place; high or higher up

a great mass of falling snow and ice

make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive

append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

ending; act of abolishing; act of doing away with

endure; put up with; bear; tolerate

be broadcast on television or radio

the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock

realization; consciousness; having knowledge of

in a competent, capable manner; in an apt or suitable manner

prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

on a ship, train, plane, or other vehicles; in or into a group, organization, or business

secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate

arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured

happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

one who enjoys exciting, dangerous activities, often in foreign countries

something, such as an accomplishment or achievement; achievement

in an uncomfortable, nervous, or embarrassed way

eager; keen; worried; uneasy, and apprehensive about an uncertain event or matter

ending; act of abolishing; act of doing away with

instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

affect with wonder; surprise; shock

acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon for a fault or offense; explanation or excuse

tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals

quality of nearness to the truth or the true value

randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle

of or relating to a person's life or an account of a person's life

be full of; be plentiful

manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

lawyer; one who is appointed by another to act in his place or stead; proxy

happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

the similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity

occupy in an agreeable, pleasing, or entertaining fashion; cause laughter or be funny; delude or deceive

go away or leave; missing; not present

lacking restraint or control; feeling of extreme emotional intensity; unbounded enthusiasm

authorize; commission; give credit for

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

be full of; be plentiful

one who is absent or not in residence

habitual not to appear, especially for work or other regular duty

randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle

in a competent, capable manner; in an apt or suitable manner

large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

perfect in quality or nature; complete; totally unlimited; certain

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

speak, plead, or argue in favor of; plead for; push for something

cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

achieve or accomplish; gain

mental keenness; quickness of perception

assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for a common reason

manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion; state of mental concentration

make obsolete or old-fashioned

preposterous; ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable; foolish

formal public statement; an act of making known publicly

applaud; announce with great approval

arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

one of two or more things, ideas, or courses of action that may be used; option or choice

excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

plentiful; possessing riches or resources

quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe

act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

indictment; charge of wrongdoing that is made against a person or other party

perfect in quality or nature; complete; totally unlimited; certain

large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

in great numbers; in a plentiful or sufficient degree; plentifully

manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

improper use or handling; misuse

any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures

empower; give permission for; sanction

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

made by humans; produced rather than natural.

border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent

related to school; not practical or directly useful; relating to the scholarly organization; based on formal education

one who manages a government agency or department

come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount

habitual not to appear, especially for work or other regular duty

a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control

make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

have an emotional or cognitive impact upon

move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected

ready to consent or submit; acceptable

assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

composition; a plan for how something will happen

habitual to; used to; frequently practiced, used, or experienced; customary

doubtlessly; in an acknowledged manner; confessedly

move up or climb something; mount

a faster rate of improvement; the rate of change of velocity to time

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

elevation especially above sea level; height

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

easily approached or entered; obtainable; easy to talk to or get along with

make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive

art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics

having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

energetically; vigorously; voluntarily, not passively

secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate

inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding

additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose

an event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; sudden, and unexpected event

estimate  value; judge worth of something

the extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle

herald; give out; proclaim; make known publicly

inadvertently; by chance; casually; fortuitously; not essentially or intrinsically

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion

affect with wonder; surprise; shock

declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

applaud; announce with great approval

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

in an uncomfortable, nervous, or embarrassed way

energetically; vigorously; voluntarily, not passively

do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for

perfect in quality or nature; complete; totally unlimited; certain

act of accompanying someone or something

estimate  value; judge worth of something

approval; the act of allowing, granting, or admitting

consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

of the same kin; related by blood

on a ship, train, plane, or other vehicles; in or into a group, organization, or business

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

succeed in doing; bring to pass; achieve; reach the end of; complete

take part in a trial performance; evaluate in a trial performance

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

something you cannot stop taking once you have started

achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful

acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use

nonbeliever; one who denies the existence of god

make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

formal public statement; an act of making known publicly

attractive or interesting; charming

making assaults; unjustly attacking; combative; hostile; tending to spread quickly

a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

distribute; allot; give out as one's portion or share

narrative or record of events; the reason given for a particular action or event

book of literary selections by various authors

making assaults; unjustly attacking; combative; hostile; tending to spread quickly

essay; editorial; individual thing or element of a class

liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained

cause pain, suffering, or distress

govern; supervise; give or apply medications

one who maintains and audits business accounts

speak, plead, or argue in favor of; plead for; push for something

authorize; commission; give credit for

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

perfect in quality or nature; complete; totally unlimited; certain

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

any part of a curved line

empower; give permission for; sanction

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

point or direct towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it

aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

increase by natural growth or addition; concentration

neighboring; being in contact at some point or line; joining to

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

inflammation of a joint or joints

quality of nearness to the truth or the true value

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

indictment; charge of wrongdoing that is made against a person or other party

elegant or tasteful; of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste

helper, additional or subsidiary

happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute

eager; keen; worried; uneasy, and apprehensive about an uncertain event or matter

a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

habitual to; used to; frequently practiced, used, or experienced; customary

arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured

activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment

perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear

perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear

displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

affect with wonder; surprise; shock

gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill

aloft; flying; in the air

pH values below 7; taste experience when something acidic is taken into the mouth

keeping away from or preventing from happening

helper, additional or subsidiary

gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with a tracking system

declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar

a way of considering or doing something

appoint; allot; point out authoritatively or exactly

in or into a high place; high or higher up

indictment; charge of wrongdoing that is made against a person or other party

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with a tracking system

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

applaud; announce with great approval

firm dislike; turning away; avoidance of a thing, situation, or behavior because of dislike

aloft; flying; in the air

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

moving quickly and lightly; mentally quick

make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

draw to, or cause to tend to; engage or fix, as the mind, attention; invite or allure

military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

one who maintains and audits business accounts

go away or leave; missing; not present

preposterous; ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable; foolish

make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive

appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

energetically; vigorously; voluntarily, not passively

attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; army branch in use of large weapons

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

put into motion or action; activate

fragrance; scent; pleasant characteristic odor, as of a plant, spice, or food

fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor

mental keenness; quickness of perception

impending; of the relatively near future; coming closer to another

having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; kindly inclined; zealous

put together; bring or call together into a group or whole

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe

nonbeliever; one who denies the existence of god

song of praise or patriotism; the song of devotion or loyalty

act of accompanying someone or something

make fit for; change to suit a new purpose

any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

assign; distribute according to plan

operatic solo; a solo vocal piece with instrumental accompaniment

flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

song of praise or patriotism; the song of devotion or loyalty

further; extra; supplemental or added to

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

modification; alteration or adjustment in structure or habits

capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye

having a capacity for adaptation; capable of adapting

convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible

enormously large or extensive; relating to astronomy

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality

demanding great effort or labor; difficult

moving quickly and lightly; mentally quick

something you cannot stop taking once you have started

worsen; make worse or more troublesome

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

along or by the side; side by side with

further; extra; supplemental or added to

one of two or more things, ideas, or courses of action that may be used; option or choice

something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence

act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

state something as true; assert; confirm

make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

state something as true; assert; confirm

sufficient; enough to meet a purpose

loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion

change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

glue; paste; the substance that unites or bonds surfaces together

having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; kindly inclined; zealous

fondness; tender feeling toward another; fondness

one who is absent or not in residence

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured

more than enough in size or scope or capacity; relatively large

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

items of business at a meeting; list or program of things to be done or considered

be next to; be contiguous to; border on

be broadcast on television or radio

durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use

funding;  money set aside for a specific purpose

neighboring; being in contact at some point or line; joining to

excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

a great mass of falling snow and ice

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway

making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances

assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

distinct feature or element in a problem

durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use

govern; supervise; give or apply medications

aloft; flying; in the air

public records; place where public records are kept

convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible

more than enough in size or scope or capacity; relatively large

art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics

excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

management; supervision; people who are in charge of management; the activity of government for powers and duties

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

one who manages a government agency or department

negatively; in an adverse manner; oppositely; inimically; offensively; unfortunately

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

habitual not to appear, especially for work or other regular duty

sufficient; enough to meet a purpose

favorable judgment; feeling of pleasure, wonder, and approval

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock or illness

progress; promotion;  forward step; improvement

regard with wonder or astonishment; view with surprise; marvel at

essay; editorial; individual thing or element of a class

doubtlessly; in an acknowledged manner; confessedly

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally

aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting

confederate; partner; collaborator

act or state of attending or heeding; application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought

not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

of or relating to a person's life or an account of a person's life

the continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

something you cannot stop taking once you have started

burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

endure; put up with; bear; tolerate

having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; kindly inclined; zealous

act of accepting with approval

gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for a common reason

mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon for a fault or offense; explanation or excuse

enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments

a physicist who studies astronomy

irregularity; a person or something unusual; departure from the normal or common order

process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion; state of mental concentration

achieve or accomplish; gain

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

proceed; move forward; improve; moving forward

inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding

act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

essay; editorial; individual thing or element of a class

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

improved; highly developed or complex; ahead of the times; progressive

along or by the side; side by side with

likely; precisely suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand

progress; promotion;  forward step; improvement

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

habitual not to appear, especially for work or other regular duty

very wonderful; of a nature to excite astonishment; surprising greatly

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

habitual to; used to; frequently practiced, used, or experienced; customary

in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

succeed in doing; bring to pass; achieve; reach the end of; complete

one who enjoys exciting, dangerous activities, often in foreign countries

increase by natural growth or addition; concentration

recognition; taste; judgment or opinion, especially a favorable one

draw to, or cause to tend to; engage or fix, as the mind, attention; invite or allure

endure; put up with; bear; tolerate

in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose

negatively; in an adverse manner; oppositely; inimically; offensively; unfortunately

keeping away from or preventing from happening

broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

north temperate shrubs or trees having toothed leaves and cone-like fruit

give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of

public records; place where public records are kept

proceed; move forward; improve; moving forward

art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics

a violent attack; an onslaught

keeping away from or preventing from happening

speak, plead, or argue in favor of; plead for; push for something

a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables

elegant or tasteful; of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste

have an emotional or cognitive impact upon

something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of

place of refuge or shelter; protection

flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

mechanical; automatic; accomplished without the intervention of a human operator

act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable

have an emotional or cognitive impact upon

fondness; tender feeling toward another; fondness

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

in great numbers; in a plentiful or sufficient degree; plentifully

independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

one who enjoys exciting, dangerous activities, often in foreign countries

having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; kindly inclined; zealous

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

examine, verify, or correct the financial accounts of

achieve or accomplish; gain

bothersome; troublesome; irritating

branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

act of accepting with approval

a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

state something as true; assert; confirm

mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

cause pain, suffering, or distress

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

improper use or handling; misuse

something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence

cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute

refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

funding;  money set aside for a specific purpose

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy

pay; provide; have the financial means for; bear the cost of

mental keenness; quickness of perception

make fit for; change to suit a new purpose

elevation especially above sea level; height

able to pay for

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

having the character of an anecdote; of a short story of any interesting or humorous incidents

moving quickly and lightly; mentally quick

fragrance; scent; pleasant characteristic odor, as of a plant, spice, or food

items of business at a meeting; list or program of things to be done or considered

essay; editorial; individual thing or element of a class

excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

perfect in quality or nature; complete; totally unlimited; certain

mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

worsen; make worse or more troublesome

doubtlessly; in an acknowledged manner; confessedly

modify; cause to change; make different; convert

irritating; annoying; making worse or more heinous

motion sickness experienced while traveling by air

the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock

lacking restraint or control; feeling of extreme emotional intensity; unbounded enthusiasm

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

energetically; vigorously; voluntarily, not passively

come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action

regard with wonder or astonishment; view with surprise; marvel at

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected

making assaults; unjustly attacking; combative; hostile; tending to spread quickly

help, especially money or resources that are given to people

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

favorable judgment; feeling of pleasure, wonder, and approval

cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

moving quickly and lightly; mentally quick

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

bothersome; troublesome; irritating

promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt

herald; give out; proclaim; make known publicly

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose

append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

of or relating to motor vehicles; moving by itself; self-propelling

cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

one who enjoys exciting, dangerous activities, often in foreign countries

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

the extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

funding;  money set aside for a specific purpose

amazed; very surprised

proceed; move forward; improve; moving forward

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

ready to consent or submit; acceptable

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

a violent attack; an onslaught

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

a sportsman; one who contended for a prize in public games

the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock

capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye

easily approached or entered; obtainable; easy to talk to or get along with

nonbeliever; one who denies the existence of god

point or direct towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye

be broadcast on television or radio

something you cannot stop taking once you have started

associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

aloft; flying; in the air

impending; of the relatively near future; coming closer to another

independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble

motion sickness experienced while traveling by air

more than enough in size or scope or capacity; relatively large

gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for a common reason

half-open; slightly turned or opened

examine, verify, or correct the financial accounts of

attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

making assaults; unjustly attacking; combative; hostile; tending to spread quickly

of the same kin; related by blood

a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

difficult to handle or manage

blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

north temperate shrubs or trees having toothed leaves and cone-like fruit

fondness; tender feeling toward another; fondness

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

very wonderful; of a nature to excite astonishment; surprising greatly

pH values below 7; taste experience when something acidic is taken into the mouth

modification; alteration or adjustment in structure or habits

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

dissimilar, inconsistent, or opposed in nature; very different place, society, or person

cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally

broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible

neighboring; being in contact at some point or line; joining to

succeed in doing; bring to pass; achieve; reach the end of; complete

one who manages a government agency or department

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

arrangement; association; alliance

a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained

loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion

promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt

be next to; be contiguous to; border on

partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock or illness

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

perfect in quality or nature; complete; totally unlimited; certain

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

assign; distribute according to plan

loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

very wonderful; of a nature to excite astonishment; surprising greatly

approval; the act of allowing, granting, or admitting

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

prove genuine; establish authenticity of

one who is absent or not in residence

a sportsman; one who contended for a prize in public games

a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables

refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion

happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute

move up or climb something; mount

confederate; partner; collaborator

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

a great mass of falling snow and ice

in or into a high place; high or higher up

ambition; something that you hope to achieve

doubtlessly; in an acknowledged manner; confessedly

lawyer; one who is appointed by another to act in his place or stead; proxy

very similarly; roughly

along or by the side; side by side with

appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

act of being present

modify; cause to change; make different; convert

happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute

north temperate shrubs or trees having toothed leaves and cone-like fruit

ambition; something that you hope to achieve

a great mass of falling snow and ice

one of two or more things, ideas, or courses of action that may be used; option or choice

along or by the side; side by side with

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion

enormously large or extensive; relating to astronomy

difficult to handle or manage

elevation especially above sea level; height

compensation for a loss or injury; recompense

succeed in doing; bring to pass; achieve; reach the end of; complete

public records; place where public records are kept

one who engages in an art, science, study, or athletic activity as a pastime rather than as a profession

mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control

distinct feature or element in a problem

astonish; affect with wonder

amazed; very surprised

process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion; state of mental concentration

awesome; astounding; surprising

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

approval; the act of allowing, granting, or admitting

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained

assign; distribute according to plan

aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something

half-open; slightly turned or opened

distribute; allot; give out as one's portion or share

negatively; in an adverse manner; oppositely; inimically; offensively; unfortunately

gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for a common reason

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

arrangement; association; alliance

aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent

prove genuine; establish authenticity of

eager; keen; worried; uneasy, and apprehensive about an uncertain event or matter

moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use

essential quality; reputation; honor

change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage

large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; army branch in use of large weapons

burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control

pH values below 7; taste experience when something acidic is taken into the mouth

biography or story written by yourself

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

pay; provide; have the financial means for; bear the cost of

social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings

compensation for a loss or injury; recompense

funding;  money set aside for a specific purpose

in a competent, capable manner; in an apt or suitable manner

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality

perfect in quality or nature; complete; totally unlimited; certain

in the middle of; among; surrounded by

exert; put into service; avail oneself to

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

related to or dealing with or devoted to archaeology

arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured

military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells

having the character of an anecdote; of a short story of any interesting or humorous incidents

preposterous; ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable; foolish

negatively; in an adverse manner; oppositely; inimically; offensively; unfortunately

improper use or handling; misuse

partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock or illness

inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding

total of two or more quantities; aggregate; sum

candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

distribute; allot; give out as one's portion or share

empower; give permission for; sanction

indictment; charge of wrongdoing that is made against a person or other party

more than enough in size or scope or capacity; relatively large

fasten; annex; be in contact with

independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics

one who engages in an art, science, study, or athletic activity as a pastime rather than as a profession

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

something appended or added

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

occupy in an agreeable, pleasing, or entertaining fashion; cause laughter or be funny; delude or deceive

demanding great effort or labor; difficult

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

dissimilar, inconsistent, or opposed in nature; very different place, society, or person

instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

comparable; similar or alike

prove genuine; establish authenticity of

the similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity

difficult to handle or manage

attractive or interesting; charming

regard with wonder or astonishment; view with surprise; marvel at

fragrance; scent; pleasant characteristic odor, as of a plant, spice, or food

inadvertently; by chance; casually; fortuitously; not essentially or intrinsically

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally

a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

point or direct towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it

song of praise or patriotism; the song of devotion or loyalty

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

very similarly; roughly

instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

neighboring; being in contact at some point or line; joining to

of or relating to motor vehicles; moving by itself; self-propelling

one who is absent or not in residence

neighboring; being in contact at some point or line; joining to

forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor

inherited or inheritable by established rules

elegant or tasteful; of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

formal public statement; an act of making known publicly

plentiful; possessing riches or resources

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

favorable judgment; feeling of pleasure, wonder, and approval

family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage

making assaults; unjustly attacking; combative; hostile; tending to spread quickly

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

endure; put up with; bear; tolerate

having the character of an anecdote; of a short story of any interesting or humorous incidents

speak, plead, or argue in favor of; plead for; push for something

favorable judgment; feeling of pleasure, wonder, and approval

having life or vigor or spirit; filled with activity; in the form of cartoon

close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

put together; bring or call together into a group or whole

gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for a common reason

irregularity; a person or something unusual; departure from the normal or common order

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate

difficult to handle or manage

herald; give out; proclaim; make known publicly

related to or dealing with or devoted to archaeology

formal public statement; an act of making known publicly

moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

in or into a high place; high or higher up

border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent

protected by armor; provided with a protective covering

something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence

one who proclaims a message publicly

disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate

be earlier in time; go back further

inadvertently; by chance; casually; fortuitously; not essentially or intrinsically

give help or support to, especially as a subordinate

bothersome; troublesome; irritating

progress; promotion;  forward step; improvement

inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding

jurisdiction; power to enforce laws, exact obedience, command, determine, or judge; government

elegant or tasteful; of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste

on a ship, train, plane, or other vehicles; in or into a group, organization, or business

occurring or payable every year

book of literary selections by various authors

the continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose

irregularity; a person or something unusual; departure from the normal or common order

declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits

partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock or illness

having no name; having an unknown or unacknowledged name

habitual to; used to; frequently practiced, used, or experienced; customary

be earlier in time; go back further

moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

a sportsman; one who contended for a prize in public games

excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

increase by natural growth or addition; concentration

lawyer; one who is appointed by another to act in his place or stead; proxy

song of praise or patriotism; the song of devotion or loyalty

beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer

book of literary selections by various authors

irritating; annoying; making worse or more heinous

one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures

on a ship, train, plane, or other vehicles; in or into a group, organization, or business

related to school; not practical or directly useful; relating to the scholarly organization; based on formal education

helper; a person who assists or helps someone else

preposterous; ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable; foolish

social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings

of or relating to a person's life or an account of a person's life

empower; give permission for; sanction

any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

confederate; partner; collaborator

elegant or tasteful; of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste

randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle

in great numbers; in a plentiful or sufficient degree; plentifully

act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence

related to or dealing with or devoted to archaeology

forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor

further; extra; supplemental or added to

make obsolete or old-fashioned

half-open; slightly turned or opened

instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion

perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear

succeed in doing; bring to pass; achieve; reach the end of; complete

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something

eager; keen; worried; uneasy, and apprehensive about an uncertain event or matter

secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate

biography or story written by yourself

excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

comparable; similar or alike

put into motion or action; activate

modification; alteration or adjustment in structure or habits

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

protected by armor; provided with a protective covering

acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon for a fault or offense; explanation or excuse

a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

enormously large or extensive; relating to astronomy

capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye

biography or story written by yourself

motion sickness experienced while traveling by air

durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use

the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock

increase by natural growth or addition; concentration

attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

easily approached or entered; obtainable; easy to talk to or get along with

one who is absent or not in residence

sufficient; enough to meet a purpose

attractive or interesting; charming

something appended or added

appealing; pleasing; inviting; tempting

motion sickness experienced while traveling by air

easily approached or entered; obtainable; easy to talk to or get along with

achieve or accomplish; gain

cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally

half-open; slightly turned or opened

instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

appoint; allot; point out authoritatively or exactly

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for

have an emotional or cognitive impact upon

durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use

candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

something, such as an accomplishment or achievement; achievement

excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

one who proclaims a message publicly

blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate

close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for a common reason

exert; put into service; avail oneself to

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion

distribute; allot; give out as one's portion or share

the continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear

assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

indictment; charge of wrongdoing that is made against a person or other party

promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt

put together; bring or call together into a group or whole

favorable judgment; feeling of pleasure, wonder, and approval

large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

items of business at a meeting; list or program of things to be done or considered

composition; a plan for how something will happen

habitual not to appear, especially for work or other regular duty

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

elevation especially above sea level; height

dissimilar, inconsistent, or opposed in nature; very different place, society, or person

quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe

increase by natural growth or addition; concentration

recognition; taste; judgment or opinion, especially a favorable one

help, especially money or resources that are given to people

a way of considering or doing something

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

song of praise or patriotism; the song of devotion or loyalty

having no name; having an unknown or unacknowledged name

impending; of the relatively near future; coming closer to another

a violent attack; an onslaught

management; supervision; people who are in charge of management; the activity of government for powers and duties

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

progress; promotion;  forward step; improvement

acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use

put together; bring or call together into a group or whole

keeping away from or preventing from happening

do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for

funding;  money set aside for a specific purpose

give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of

come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount

an event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; sudden, and unexpected event

offensive move; expression of strong criticism; hostile comment

succeed in doing; bring to pass; achieve; reach the end of; complete

cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

point or direct towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it

very similarly; roughly

speak, plead, or argue in favor of; plead for; push for something

energetically; vigorously; voluntarily, not passively

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

a great mass of falling snow and ice

likely; precisely suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand

state something as true; assert; confirm

make obsolete or old-fashioned

inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding

impending; of the relatively near future; coming closer to another

a great mass of falling snow and ice

be broadcast on television or radio

in a competent, capable manner; in an apt or suitable manner

act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; the murder of public figure by a surprise attack

tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals

promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt

clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

perfect in quality or nature; complete; totally unlimited; certain

consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

lacking restraint or control; feeling of extreme emotional intensity; unbounded enthusiasm

social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings

help, especially money or resources that are given to people

randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

endure; put up with; bear; tolerate

enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments

the continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

make obsolete or old-fashioned

lawyer; one who is appointed by another to act in his place or stead; proxy

in great numbers; in a plentiful or sufficient degree; plentifully

one who enjoys exciting, dangerous activities, often in foreign countries

any part of a curved line

process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion; state of mental concentration

regard with wonder or astonishment; view with surprise; marvel at

related to or dealing with or devoted to archaeology

a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

group of closely located islands

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding

favorable judgment; feeling of pleasure, wonder, and approval

put into motion or action; activate

one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures

something appended or added

narrative or record of events; the reason given for a particular action or event

helper; a person who assists or helps someone else

prove genuine; establish authenticity of

large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; army branch in use of large weapons

of or about the art and science of architecture

modification; alteration or adjustment in structure or habits

art and science of designing and erecting buildings; buildings and other large structures

act of accompanying someone or something

eager; keen; worried; uneasy, and apprehensive about an uncertain event or matter

demanding great effort or labor; difficult

on a ship, train, plane, or other vehicles; in or into a group, organization, or business

public records; place where public records are kept

mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

arrangement; association; alliance

displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

demanding great effort or labor; difficult

have an emotional or cognitive impact upon

appoint; allot; point out authoritatively or exactly

a playing field where sports events take place; a large structure for open-air sports or entertainments

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

of or relating to or comprising atoms; immeasurably small

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

make fit for; change to suit a new purpose

operatic solo; a solo vocal piece with instrumental accompaniment

one who maintains and audits business accounts

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action

loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion

able to pay for

make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

act of being present

forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor

give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of

protected by armor; provided with a protective covering

arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured

of the same kin; related by blood

branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

approval; the act of allowing, granting, or admitting

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

fragrance; scent; pleasant characteristic odor, as of a plant, spice, or food

indictment; charge of wrongdoing that is made against a person or other party

fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

a sportsman; one who contended for a prize in public games

inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding

attractive or interesting; charming

one who is absent or not in residence

excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

put in proper order; dispose in the manner intended, or best suited for the purpose

aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting

change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

moving quickly and lightly; mentally quick

group of closely located islands

composition; a plan for how something will happen

fasten; annex; be in contact with

inflammation of a joint or joints

modification; alteration or adjustment in structure or habits

govern; supervise; give or apply medications

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

further; extra; supplemental or added to

essay; editorial; individual thing or element of a class

clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control

expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language

on a ship, train, plane, or other vehicles; in or into a group, organization, or business

able to pay for

inflammation of a joint or joints

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

made by humans; produced rather than natural.

have an emotional or cognitive impact upon

come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; army branch in use of large weapons

manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

a sportsman; one who contended for a prize in public games

move up or climb something; mount

firm dislike; turning away; avoidance of a thing, situation, or behavior because of dislike

estimate  value; judge worth of something

put together; bring or call together into a group or whole

expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language

inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

funding;  money set aside for a specific purpose

distinct feature or element in a problem

help, especially money or resources that are given to people

achieve or accomplish; gain

deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action

approval; the act of allowing, granting, or admitting

ambition; something that you hope to achieve

pay; provide; have the financial means for; bear the cost of

a violent attack; an onslaught

self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway

of or relating to or comprising atoms; immeasurably small

expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; the murder of public figure by a surprise attack

a group of persons together in one place

inflammation of a joint or joints

capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye

a violent attack; an onslaught

acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon for a fault or offense; explanation or excuse

a group of persons together in one place

more than enough in size or scope or capacity; relatively large

formal public statement; an act of making known publicly

group of closely located islands

half-open; slightly turned or opened

any part of a curved line

put together; bring or call together into a group or whole

be broadcast on television or radio