IELTS Academic Words Level 4 - 1: Spelling Practices in Chinese (汉语)

6000 IELTS Academic Words

Introduction

Academic Words Level 4 - 1 - Spelling Practices

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n. [缩写,缩写词] shortening something by omitting parts of it

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v. [废除] cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

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a. [原来的,土著的] being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

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v. [充满,富于] be full of; be plentiful

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n. [磨(擦)破,擦伤处(尤指皮肤因磨擦等造成者).表面磨损] scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

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v. [删节,节选] condense; shorten; reduce length of written text

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n. [丰富,充裕] great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing

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v. [加速] move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected

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v. [赞扬,表扬] applaud; announce with great approval

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n. [住处,住所,适应,调节,通融] living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience

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n. [一致,协议] settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states

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v. [堆积,积聚,积累] pile up; collect; mount up; increase

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n. [原告,起诉人] one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault

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v. [熟悉] inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar

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a. [擅长于] expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

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v. [黏着] stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with

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a. [邻近的,毗邻的] adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

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v. [毗连,临近,贴近] be next to; be contiguous to; border on

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v. [管理] administer; supply; supervise or be in charge of

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n. [青春期] state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity

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n. [到来,出现] coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

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a. [讨厌,敌意] in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose

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a. [空气的,空中的] of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air

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a. [审美的] elegant or tasteful; of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste

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v. [使隶属,接纳为成员] associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

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v. [断言,证实,确认] state something as true; assert; confirm

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v. [增加,附于] fasten; append; add on; secure to something

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v. [折磨,使苦恼] cause pain, suffering, or distress

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v. [收集,聚集] gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

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n. [焦虑,不安,鼓动,煽动] anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

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a. [使人愉快的,合意的] ready to consent or submit; acceptable

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a. [晾干,通风,公开,公开讨论,散步,开汽车兜风] exposure to air for freshening or drying; exposure to public attention; radio or television broadcast

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ad. [虽然,纵使] even though; although; notwithstanding

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v. [断言] state without proof; assert to be true

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v. [解脱,释放,释然] provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part

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v. [分配,制定] assign; distribute according to plan

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v. [按份额分配] parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot

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v. [混合,减少纯度] combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

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a. [字母的,按字母顺序] arranged in customary order of the letters of a language

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n. [模棱两可] state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

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a. [模棱两可] unclear or doubtful in meaning

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v. [修订,修改,变更] change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

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ad. [在…中] in the middle of; among; surrounded by

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ad. [在…中] amid; in the middle of; among

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v. [放大] broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

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v. [分析] resolve anything complex into its elements; separate into parts for examination of each separately

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a. [分析法的,善于分析的] of analysis; resolving into elements or parts

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n. [祖先,祖宗] forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor

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n. [奇闻轶事] a short account of the amusing or interesting event; short narrative; a secret story of history or biography

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v. [毁灭,破坏] destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

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n. [年金,养老金] annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

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n. [反抗,敌对] active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

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a. [南极的] opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or the region near it

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n. [选集] book of literary selections by various authors

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a. [道歉的,歉意的] offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

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n. [器械,设备] a group of parts that work together to perform a given function; appliance, or device for a particular purpose

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v. [追加,附上] attach; add as supplement or appendix

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n. [用具,器具] durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use

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n. [申请人] candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

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n. [评价,估价] assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

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a. [很大的,值得重视的] large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

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n. [学徒] works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner

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v. [接近,近似] come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount

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a. [恰当的,贴切的] likely; precisely suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand

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a. [与水有关系的] consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

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a. [反复无常,随机的] randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle

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a. [过时的] no longer current or applicable; antiquated

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a. [热心的,热情的] displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

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a. [努力,奋发] demanding great effort or labor; difficult

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n. [盔甲,保护层] defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons

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v. [刺激,激起,唤醒] excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

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v. [排列,整理] set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement

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v. [(渐渐)上升,升高,攀登] move up or climb something; mount

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n. [攀登,上升] upward slope or grade; movement upward

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v. [确认,确证] find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of

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v. [归因于,指派] inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

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n. [雄心,抱负] ambition; something that you hope to achieve

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v. [热望,热心于] seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end

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v. [断言] declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

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a. [各式各样的,多样混合的] varied; consisting of various types mixed together

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v. [使惊异] affect with wonder; surprise; shock

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v. [获得,完成] achieve or accomplish; gain

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n. [属性,声望] essential quality; reputation; honor

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a. [听得见的] perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear

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v. [增长] make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

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a. [权威,独裁] weighting authority; peremptory and dictatorial

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v. [使自动化] replace or enhance human labor with machines

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n. [自动化操作] the use of machines and computers that can operate without needing human control

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n. [自治,自治权] independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

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a. [辅助的] helper, additional or subsidiary

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v. [利用,效用,促进] turn to the advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote

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v. [转移,防止] prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away

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n. [航空,航空学] art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics

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n. [轴,轴心] the center around which something rotates; pivot

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n. [羽毛球运动] game played on a court with light long-handled rackets

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v. [挫败] frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of

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n. [竹,竹茎] plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries

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n. [气压计,晴雨表] an instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere

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n. [屏障,障碍物] hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle

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v. [物品交换,易货贸易] trade goods or services without the exchange of money

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n. [珠子,(液体)小滴] small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood that is pierced for stringing

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n. [美容师] one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments

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a. [有用的] helpful; tending to promote physical well-being

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n. [(船)停泊] space for the ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; the place to sleep or stay; appointment or job

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v. [困扰] attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in

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v. [使迷惑,使昏乱] lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes

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n. [文献学] list of works of a specific author or publisher; list of writings relating to a given subject

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a. [两边的,双边的] two-sided; mutual; involving two groups or countries

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n. [(能说)两种语言的] using or able to use two languages, especially with equal or nearly equal fluency

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n. [沥青] mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame

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n. [行动一致的集团,政党或国家] a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action

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n. [污斑,污迹,污渍,(品行上的)污点] spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; a weak point or failing

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n. [错误] serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion

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v. [自夸,自豪] show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride

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n. [书架] case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors

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n. [簿记员,记帐人] one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office

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n. [书摊] stall where books are sold, as on the street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale

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n. [分界线,边界] dividing line; border; frontier

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v. [抵制] refrain from buying or using

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n. [莽撞的,无礼的] characteristic of being brash; the trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness

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a. [活泼的,轻快的] marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner

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v. [吃草,浏览] graze; skim or glance at casually

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v. [膨胀,突出] cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude

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n. [小平房] small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic

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a. [可漂浮的,乐观的] able to float; cheerful and optimistic

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n. [官僚机构] over-regulated administrative system

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n. [洞穴,供居住或躲藏的洞或地道] tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; moving through by or as by digging

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v. [喧嚣,繁忙,熙熙攘攘] move or cause to move energetically and busily; teem

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n. [灾难,不幸] the event that brings terrible loss, lasting distress, or severe affliction; disaster; misery

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n. [钙] silvery, moderately hard metallic element

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n. [卡路里(热量单位)] unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree

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n. [小卖部,临时流动餐馆,军用炊具,水壶] a vessel used by soldiers for carrying water or other drinks; snack bar or small cafeteria

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n. [标题] title; chapter heading; text under illustration

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n. [动物尸体] the dead body of an animal, especially one slaughtered and dressed for food

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n. [催化剂] an agent which brings about chemical change while it remains unaffected and unchanged

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a. [腐蚀,挖苦] capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating away by chemical action

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n. [审查] overseer of morals; official responsible for removal of objectionable or sensitive content

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a. [一百周年纪念] relating to a 100-year period; occurring once every 100 years

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v. [证明,证实,宣称,授与合格证书] give certain information to; assure; make certain

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v. [表现的特色,刻画的性格] distinguish; be characteristic of; be a distinctive trait or mark of

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n. [深渊] deep opening in the earth surface

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a. [纯的] morally pure in thought or conduct; decent and modest

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n. [家务杂事] a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee

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a. [按年代顺序排列的] arranged in order of time of occurrence

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v. [(使)循环,(使)传播] move through space, circuit, or system, returning to the starting point

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n. [圆周,周长] the boundary line of a circle, figure, area, or object

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v. [引用,掌握] quote; adduce as an instance

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n. [扣合,紧密合作] fastening device; firm grip

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v. [分类,按等级或类别组织安排] declare unavailable, as for security reasons; arrange or order by classes or categories

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ad. [顺时针方向的(地)] in the direction that the hands of a clock move

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n. [簇,串,群] group; bunch; group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely

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a. [粗糙的] rough; harsh; of low, common, or inferior quality

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n. [男女同校教育] system of education in which both men and women attend the same institution or classes

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a. [认知的] knowing or perceiving; part of mental functions that deals with logic

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a. [粘在一起的] adhesive; sticking together; capable of thinking and expressing yourself in a clear and consistent manner

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n. [(一)卷,线圈] a series of connected spirals or concentric rings formed by gathering or winding; spiral pipe or series of spiral pipes

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v. [同时发生,相符合,相巧合] occur at the same time as; correspond

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n. [合作] act of working together; act of cooperating with an enemy, especially it occupying one's own country

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v. [碰撞,冲突] bump; hit something violently

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a. [易燃的,可燃的,易燃物] capable of igniting and burning; easily aroused or excited

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v. [纪念] serve as a memorial to; honor the memory of with a ceremony

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v. [称赞,颂扬] commit, entrust, or give in charge for care or preservation; recommend as worthy of confidence or regard

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n. [商品,日用品] goods; article of trade; advantage; benefit

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a. [平凡的] ordinary; having no remarkable features

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v. [减刑,交换,折算,定期往返于两地间] obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; regularly travel from a place of residence to another place

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n. [长期票通勤旅客,经常来往于两地之间的人] someone who regularly travels from home in a suburb to work in a city

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a. [相似的] similar or equivalent; being of equal regard; worthy of being ranked with

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v. [强迫,引起] force; coerce; necessitate or pressure by force

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v. [聚集,积累,汇集] put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources

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v. [补足,完善] complete; consummate; make perfect

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n. [顺从,谦让] readiness to yield; happy friendly agreement

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v. [作曲,写作,组成] write; create; make or create by putting together parts or elements

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a. [拼凑成的,混合成的] made up of distinct parts or elements; compounded

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v. [压缩] close; squeeze or press together; contract

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v. [包括] include; consist of; be composed of

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a. [必须做的,被强制的] mandatory; obligatory; required by rule

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v. [计算] reckon; make a mathematical calculation

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a. [协调的] planned or accomplished together; combined

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a. [简要] brief and compact; expressing much in few words

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v. [调制,捏造] digest; convert into nourishment by the organs of nutrition

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a. [并发的,协作的,一致的] simultaneous; coincident; occurring or operating at the same time

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v. [使浓缩,精简] change from a gaseous to a liquid state and fall in drops; compress or concentrate

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n. [吊唁,哀悼] expression of sympathy with another in sorrow or grief.

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v. [授予,赠与,(专门会议)商议] bestow; present; have a conference in order to talk something over

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n. [轮廓,结构] arrangement of parts or elements; outline

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v. [限制] restrict in movement; circumscribe

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v. [符合,顺应,相配,使适合] comply with; follow; fit; meet

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n. [拥挤,拥塞] act of gathering or heaping together or forming a mass

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a. [全等的] possessing congruity; suitable; agreeing; corresponding

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a. [尽责的,一丝不苟的] diligent; responsible; reliable

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a. [连续的] following one after another without interruption; sequential

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a. [作为结果的,随之发生的] resulting; following as a logical conclusion

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n. [保存,保持] preservation or restoration from loss, damage, or neglect

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n. [温室,音乐或戏剧学院] greenhouse; school of music or dramatic art

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v. [保存,保藏] retain; protect from loss or harm; preserve; use carefully or sparingly, avoiding waste

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v. [托运,托人看管] give, transfer, or deliver formally, as if by signing over into the possession of another

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v. [组成,构成,包括,一致,符合] be made up or composed; be comprised or contained in

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v. [巩固,合并] make solid; unite or press together into a compact mass; harden or make dense and firm

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a. [显著的,显而易见的] noticeable; prominent; easy to notice; obvious

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n. [分量或部件,选举人,投票人] component or part; citizen, voter

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v. [建立(政府),组成,构成] make up; form something

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v. [强使,强逼] restrain; keep within close bounds; confine

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v. [约束,收缩] restrict; shrink; make smaller or narrower by binding or squeezing

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v. [建造,创立] form by assembling or combining parts; build; create

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v. [弄脏,污染,感染] make impure or unclean by contact or mixture; pollute; defile

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v. [沉思,周密思考] look at attentively and thoughtfully; observe deep in thought

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v. [竞争,争取,争论] strive in opposition; contest; dispute; struggle for

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n. [争论,争辩] competing as for any profit or prize

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n. [(时间或空间的)连续性,连贯性] property of a continuous and connected period of time

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v. [矛盾,抵触] confront; state the opposite of what someone has said

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n. [矛盾,反驳] the assertion of contrary; denial of the truth of a statement; opposition, whether by argument or conduct

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v. [计划,设计] form by an exercise of ingenuity; invent or design

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v. [召集,集合] cause to come together formally

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v. [聚合,接近] approach; tend to meet; come together

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v. [聊天,非正式谈话] chat; talk informally; engage in a spoken exchange of thoughts

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ad. [相反地] in a converse manner; with change of order or relation; reciprocally.

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v. [使相互关联,使相互影响] relate; associate; bring into a mutual relation

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v. [符合,协调,通信] be compatible, similar or consistent; exchange messages

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n. [通信,信件] similarity or analogy; communication by the exchange of letters

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a. [通讯员,记者] one who communicates information, especially, by letter or telegram to newspaper or periodical

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a. [相应的] accompanying; analogous or equivalent in character, form, or function; comparable

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a. [世界主义] sophisticated; of worldwide scope

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n. [舒适的,保暖的] padded or knitted covering placed especially over a teapot to keep the tea hot; cozy

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v. [使平衡] act as force or influence that balances, checks, or limits an opposite one

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n. [相似的人或物,配对物] duplicate copy; one that closely resembles another

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n. [火山口,弹坑] a bowl-shaped opening at the top of a volcano

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n. [折缝,皱痕] a line or long thin mark made by folding or doubling

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n. [(评判的)标准,准绳,尺度] standard of judging; any approved or established rule or test

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v. [蹲伏,弯腰] bend down; stoop low; lie close to the ground with the legs bent, as an animal when waiting for prey or in fear

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v. [达到顶点,达到顶峰] reach the highest or most decisive point; rise to the summit

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v. [耕种,培养] improve and prepare, as by plowing or fertilizing, for raising crops; promote the growth of

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a. [粗笨的,累赘] heavy; difficult to handle because of weight or bulk

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a. [累积] increasing by successive addition

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n. [学校的全部课程] the subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college; course or program

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v. [减短,降低] cut short or reduce; cut off end or tail, or any part

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n. [看守人,管理人] a person who has responsibility for or looks after something; guardian

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n. [僵局] standstill resulting from the opposition of two forces or factions; stalemate

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n. [稀缺,缺乏] scarcity; shortage of food; famine from failure or loss of crops

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v. [分解,(使)腐烂] decay, or to cause something to decay

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v. [减少] lessen; reduce; make a quantity smaller

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a. [老化,磨损] weakened, worn out, or broken down by old age, illness, or hard use

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v. [推论,推想,演绎] lead forth; conclude by reasoning; trace the origin or derivation of

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v. [扣除,减除] lead forth or out; take away, separate, or remove, in numbering, estimating, or calculating; subtract

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v. [认为,视为] decide; judge; sentence; condemn

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n. [不作为,无动于衷] failure to act; an option that is selected automatically

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v. [推迟,延期] delay till later; put off; hold back to a later time

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n. [抵抗,不屈服] refusal to yield; readiness to contend or resist

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v. [污染,亵渎] pollute; make dirty or spotty

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v. [泄出气体,放出空气] reduce from an inflated condition; release contained air or gas from

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v. [反射,偏转] turn aside; draw someone's attention away from something

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v. [诈取,诈骗,骗取] deprive of some right, interest, or property, by a deceitful device

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a. [灵巧的,敏锐地] quick and skillful; neat in action or performance

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v. [使降级,贬低] reduce level; lower grade of something

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a. [使人愉快的] delightful; delicious; extremely pleasing to the sense of taste

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n. [代表] a person authorized to act as a representative for another; deputy

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n. [精神错乱] a mental disorder marked by confusion

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v. [盅惑] deceive mind or judgment of; lead from truth or into error; frustrate or disappoint

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n. [大洪水] great flood; heavy downpour; any overflowing of water

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v. [破坏,摧毁] raze; destroy; do away with completely; put an end to

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n. [宗派,教派] class, society, or collection of individuals called by the same name; specifically, a religious sect

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v. [指示,表示] indicate; signify directly; refer to specifically

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v. [描述] represent in a picture or sculpture; portray in words; describe

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v. [耗尽,减少] decrease fullness of; use up or empty out

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n. [耗尽,枯竭] act of emptying, reducing, or exhausting

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v. [悔恨] feel or express strong disapproval of; condemn; express sorrow or grief over; regret

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v. [压下,压低] lower in spirits; press down

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a. [遗弃的,废弃的] left and abandoned; negligent in performing a duty

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v. [得到,获取,源于] obtain or receive from a source; trace the origin or development of

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v. [传下,遗传] move downward and lower; come from; be connected by a relationship of blood

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v. [指定,任命] indicate or specify; point out; assign a name or title to

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a. [荒无人烟的] unpopulated; providing no shelter or sustenance; devoid of inhabitants

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v. [注定,指定为] intend or choose someone or something for a particular purpose or end

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v. [分开,拆开,分离,分遣] part; separate or disunite; disengage

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v. [拘留,使延迟] keep back or from; withhold; restrain from proceeding; stay or stop; delay

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v. [威慑,吓住] keep from; stop; prevent or discourage from acting

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n. [伤害,危害] harm; damage; injury; something that causes damage, harm, or loss

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a. [有害的] causing damage or harm; injurious

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v. [毁坏] ruin; lay waste; destroy; make desolate

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v. [背离] turn away from a principle, norm; depart; diverge

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v. [设计,发明] form, plan, or arrange in mind; transmit or give by will

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v. [贪婪地吃,吞食] consume; eat greedily; destroy completely

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v. [诊断] analyze; examine; identify the cause of something

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n. [图表] graph; chart; figure or drawing made to illustrate a statement; plan

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n. [方言,土话] vocabulary that is for a specific group of people

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n. [直径] length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference

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v. [区分,区别,分辨] set apart; distinguish; perceive or show the difference in or between

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v. [漫射的,散开的,罗嗦的,冗长的] spread out widely; scatter freely; pour out and cause to spread freely

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a. [残破的,倒塌的,破旧的] in disrepair, run-down; of very poor quality or condition

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v. [使膨胀,使扩大] make wider or larger; cause to expand; enlarge; widen

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a. [勤勉的,勤奋的] assiduous; industrious; hard-working

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v. [稀释,淡化] weaken; make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid such as water

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v. [减少,变小] dwindle; reduce; make smaller or less or to cause to appear so

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n. [喧闹声,嘈杂声] loud, confused, harsh noise; loud, continuous, rattling, or clanging sound

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a. [肮脏的,褪色的] darkened with smoke and grime; dirty or discolored

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n. [外交家,外交官] one who is in charge to deal with others, like an ambassador, who is appointed to represent a government

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v. [混乱,漫无秩序] throw into disorder; break the array of.

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v. [丢弃] throw out something from one's hand; get rid of

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v. [看出,察觉到] detect; perceive, recognize, or understand something that is not clear

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v. [揭露,揭发,泄露] unclose; open; remove a cover or envelope from; lay open or expose to view

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n. [冲突的,不和谐的] conflict; lack of agreement among persons, groups, or things

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