abbreviation | n. (약어가) shortening something by omitting parts of it |
abnormal | a. Syn. anomalous; unusual (비정상) unusual; not typical; not normal |
abolish | v. Syn. cancel; annul (폐지가) cancel; put an end to; destroy completely |
aboriginal | a. Syn. primitive; native (원주민) being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native |
abort | v. Syn. failure; terminate (취소) stop; terminate before completion; terminate a pregnancy |
abound | v. (풍부하) be full of; be plentiful |
abrasion | n. Syn. scratch; friction (마모) scratch; friction |
abridge | v. Syn. condense; shorten (줄여) condense; shorten; reduce length of written text |
abrupt | a. Syn. sudden; unforeseen (돌연) broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another |
absorb | v. Syn. monopolize; receive (흡수) assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention |
abstract | a. Syn. theoretical; abstruse (추상) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand |
abundance | n. Syn. profusion; richness (풍요) great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing |
accelerate | v. Syn. speed; hasten (가속) move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected |
accessory | n. Syn. adjunct; appendage (장난 액세서리) additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item |
acclaim | v. Syn. applaud (주목) applaud; announce with great approval |
accommodate | v. Syn. adapt; oblige (숙박) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for |
accommodation | n. (숙박 시설) living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience |
accompany | v. (동행) travel with; be associated with |
accord | n. Syn. agreement; treaty (협정) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states |
accountable | a. (책임) liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained |
accumulate | v. Syn. collect (축적) pile up; collect; mount up; increase |
accuser | n. (지목) one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault |
achieve | v. Syn. accomplish; fulfill (전체) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill |
acquaint | v. Syn. Inform (산성) inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar |
acquire | v. Syn. obtain; gain (취득) gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with tracking system |
acquisition | n. Syn. acquirement; attainment (익히 비난 정품 인증) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something |
activate | v. Syn. encourage; stimulate (전체) make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive |
acute | a. Syn. keen; sharp (급성) quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe |
adapt | v. Syn. alter; modify (적응) make fit for; change to suit a new purpose |
addict | v. (수집 중독자) cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to |
adept | a. Syn. competent; proficient (주특기) expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude |
adequate | a. Syn. sufficient; enough (충분한) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose |
adhere | v. Syn. stick; bond (준수) stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with |
adjacent | a. Syn. adjoining; neighboring (인접) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near |
adjoin | v. Syn. attach (인접) be next to; be contiguous to; border on |
administer | v. Syn. govern; supervise (관리) govern; supervise; give or apply medications |
administrate | v. (하는걸) administer; supply; supervise or be in charge of |
admission | n. Syn. admittance; entrance; access (입학) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter |
adolescence | n. Syn. youth; juvenescence (사춘기) state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity |
advent | n. Syn. arrival (도래) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important |
adverse | a. Syn. unfavorable; hostile (불리한) in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose |
advertise | v. Syn. notify (광고문의) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of |
advocate | v. Syn. urge; support (열변을 토하다) speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something |
aerial | a. (항공) of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air |
aesthetic | a. Syn. artistic; elegant (미학) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste |
affiliate | v. Syn. associate; incorporate (제휴 등록) associate; incorporate |
affirm | v. Syn. assert; confirm (긍정) assert; confirm |
affix | v. Syn. fasten; attach (접사) fasten; append; add on; secure to something |
afflict | v. Syn. plague; suffer; torment (괴롭히다) cause pain, suffering or distress |
aggregate | v. Syn. gather; accumulate (골재) gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to |
agitation | n. Syn. anxiety; disturbance (동요) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance |
agony | n. (고뇌) extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle |
agreeable | a. Syn. pleasing; acceptable (매력) ready to consent or submit; acceptable |
airing | a. (방송) exposure to air for freshening or drying; exposure to public attention; radio or television broadcast |
albeit | ad. (는건) even though; although; notwithstanding |
alienate | v. Syn. estrange; transfer; separate (이간) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally |
allege | v. Syn. affirm (주장) state without proof; assert to be true |
allegiance | n. Syn. loyalty; fidelity (충성) loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion |
alleviate | v. Syn. relieve; moderate; reduce (경감) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part |
allocate | v. Syn. assign (할당) assign; distribute according to plan |
allot | v. Syn. distribute (할당) parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot |
allowance | n. Syn. authorization; permission (수당) approval; act of allowing, granting, or admitting |
alloy | v. Syn. combine; mix (합금) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate |
alongside | ad. (나란히) along or by the side; side by side with |
alphabetical | a. (가나다순) arranged in customary order of the letters of a language |
alter | v. Syn. modify; change; convert (변경) modify; cause to change; make different; convert |
alternate | a. Syn. substitute (대체) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute |
altitude | n. Syn. elevation; height (고도) elevation especially above sea level; height |
amateur | a. Syn. nonprofessional; inexpert (아마추어) nonprofessional; lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art |
amaze | v. Syn. stun; astonish; shock (놀라게) astonish; affect with wonder |
ambiguity | n. (모호함) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty |
ambiguous | a. (모호한) unclear or doubtful in meaning |
ambitious | a. Syn. aspiring; enterprising (야심) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement |
amend | v. Syn. correct; improve (수정) change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors |
amends | n. (보상) compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation |
amid | ad. Syn. among (가운데) in the middle of; among; surrounded by |
amidst | ad. Syn. amid; among (가운데) amid; in the middle of; among |
ammunition | n. Syn. weapon (탄약) military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells |
amphibian | a. (양서류) able to live both on land and in water |
ample | a. Syn. abundant (충분한) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large |
amplify | v. Syn. intensify; increase (증폭) broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase |
amuse | v. Syn. absorb; distract; bewilder (즐겁게) occupy in an agreeable, pleasing, or entertaining fashion; cause laughter or be funny; delude or deceive |
analogy | n. Syn. similarity; parallelism (비유) similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity |
analyse | v. (분석) resolve anything complex into its elements; separate into parts for purpose of examination of each separately |
analytical | a. (분석) of analysis; resolving into elements or parts |
ancestor | n. Syn. forefather; forebear (조상) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor |
anchor | v. Syn. fasten (앵커) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate |
anecdote | n. Syn. episode; story (일화) short account of amusing or interesting event; short narrative; secret story of history or biography |
annihilate | v. Syn. destroy (몰살) destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence |
annoy | v. Syn. disturb; irritate (귀찮게) disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate |
annuity | n. (연금) annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year |
antagonism | n. Syn. hostility; enmity (대립) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor |
antarctic | a. (남극) opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it |
anthem | n. Syn. song; hymn (빈약한 닦지) song of praise or patriotism; song of devotion or loyalty |
anthology | n. Syn. collection (선집) book of literary selections by various authors |
anthropology | n. (인류학) social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings |
antibiotic | a. Syn. antibacterial (항생제) of or relating to chemical substance that kills microorganisms and cures infections |
anticipate | v. Syn. expect; predict (기대) act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict |
anticipation | n. Syn. expectation (기대) something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence |
antonym | n. (반대말) word of opposite meaning; counter term |
apologetic | a. (사과) offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense |
apparatus | n. Syn. equipment (기구) a group of parts that work together to perform given function; appliance or device for particular purpose |
apparent | a. Syn. visible (겉보기) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye |
append | v. Syn. attach (추가) attach; add as supplement or appendix |
appendix | n. Syn. appendage; adjunct; concomitant (충수) something appended or added |
applaud | v. Syn. clap; acclaim (박수) acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands |
appliance | n. (어플 라 이언스) durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use |
applicant | n. Syn. candidate (신청) candidate |
appraisal | n. Syn. assessment; evaluation (평가) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth |
appreciable | a. Syn. considerable; perceptible (감지할 수있을 정도의) considerable; perceptible |
apprentice | n. (도제) works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner |
approximate | v. Syn. approach (대략) approach; come near |
apt | a. Syn. appropriate; suitable (쉽다) likely; exactly suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand |
aptitude | n. Syn. intelligence; talent (적성) inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding |
aquarium | n. (수족관) tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals |
aquatic | a. Syn. watery (수산물) consisting of, relating to, or being in water |
arbitrary | a. Syn. capricious; impulse (임의) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle |
arc | n. (아크) continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape |
arch | n. (아치) any part of a curved line |
archaic | a. Syn. antiquated (고풍의) no longer current or applicable; antiquated |
architect | n. (건축가) one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures |
archives | n. (자료실) public records; place where public records are kept |
ardent | a. Syn. intense; passionate; zealous (열렬한) displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate |
arduous | a. Syn. hard; strenuous (험난할) demanding great effort or labor; difficult |
arena | n. (경기장) playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments |
arise | v. Syn. spring (발생) come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action |
armour | n. (갑옷) defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons |
arouse | v. Syn. excite; stimulate; awake (자극) excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep |
array | v. Syn. marshal (배열) set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement |
articulate | a. Syn. effective; distinct (또렷하게 표현할) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language |
artificial | a. Syn. unreal (인공) made by humans; produced rather than natural. |
artillery | n. (대포) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons |
ascend | v. Syn. climb; mount (오르다) climb; mount |
ascent | n. (이던데) upward slope or grade; movement upward |
ascertain | v. Syn. discover; insure (확인하다) find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of |
ascribe | v. Syn. refer; attribute; assign (돌리다) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality |
aspect | n. Syn. respect; facet (양상) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind |
aspiration | n. Syn. ambition; longing (열망) ambition; longing |
aspire | v. Syn. dream; seek (이 열망) seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end |
assassination | n. (암살) act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack |
assemble | v. Syn. gather (조립) put together; bring or call together into a group or whole |
assert | v. Syn. declare (주장) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly |
assess | v. Syn. estimate; judge (평가) estimate value; judge worth of something |
asset | n. Syn. properties; advantage (자산) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality |
assign | v. Syn. appoint; allot (할당) appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly |
assorted | a. Syn. varied; miscellaneous (모듬) varied; miscellaneous |
assumption | n. Syn. hypothesis; supposition (가정) something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of |
assurance | n. Syn. certainty; confidence; insurance; guaranty (보증) promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt |
astound | v. Syn. surprise; shock (놀라게) affect with wonder; surprise; shock |
astronomy | n. (천문학) branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and universe as a whole |
asylum | n. Syn. protection (망명) place of refuge or shelter; protection |
athlete | n. (운동) sports man; one who contended for prize in public games |
atlas | n. (아틀라스) a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables |
attach | v. Syn. fasten; annex (첨부) fasten; annex; be in contact with |
attain | v. Syn. gain (이르다) achieve or accomplish; gain |
attendance | n. (출석) act of being present |
attendant | n. Syn. aide; servant (승무원) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting |
attribute | n. Syn. trait (속성) essential quality; reputation; honor |
audible | a. Syn. perceptible; discernible (청취) perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear |
audit | n. (감사) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts |
auditorium | n. (강당) area of theater or concert hall where audience sits |
augment | v. Syn. increase (확대) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity |
authentic | a. Syn. genuine; real; valid; trustworthy (정통) not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy |
author | n. (작성자) beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer |
authoritative | a. (권위) having weight of authority; peremptory and dictatorial |
authorize | v. Syn. empower; sanction (승인) empower; give permission for; sanction |
automate | v. (자동화) replace or enhance human labor with machines |
automatic | a. Syn. automated; mechanized; involuntary (자동) mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control |
automation | n. (자동화) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls |
automobile | n. (자동차) self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway |
autonomy | n. Syn. independence; liberty (자치) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination |
auxiliary | a. Syn. aiding; supplementary (보조) helper, additional or subsidiary |
avail | v. Syn. profit; promote (소용) turn to advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote |
avalanche | n. (눈사태) great mass of falling snow and ice |
avert | v. Syn. prevent (막기) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away |
aviation | n. Syn. flying; flight; aeronautics (항공) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics |
axis | n. Syn. shaft; pivot (축) the center around which something rotates; pivot |
backward | a. (뒤로) directed to the back or rear; unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; undeveloped |
bacterium | n. (세균) single celled organism with no nucleus |
badminton | n. (배드민턴) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets |
baffle | v. Syn. frustrate; perplex (배��) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of |
ballot | n. (투표) printed or written ticket used in voting; act of voting; whole number of votes cast at an election |
bamboo | n. (대나무) plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries |
ban | n. Syn. Prohibition (금지) official prohibition; decree that prohibits something |
bandage | n. (붕대) strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds |
banish | v. Syn. dispel (추방) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel |
bankrupt | a. (파산) penniless, without any money; financially ruined |
banquet | n. Syn. feast (연회장) feast; entertainment of eating and drinking |
bark | n. Syn. yelp; howl (나무 껍질) sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog |
barometer | n. (기압계) instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere |
barren | a. Syn. desolate (기술 불모) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking |
barricade | n. Syn. obstacle (바리케이드) hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle |
barrier | n. Syn. obstacle; hindrance; hurdle (장벽) obstacle; structure built to bar passage; boundary or limit |
barter | v. Syn. trade; exchange (물물교환) trade goods or services without the exchange of money |
batch | n. (배치) quantity of bread baked at one time; a collection of things or persons to be handled together |
bathe | v. Syn. lave; immerse (목욕) wash by immersion, as in a bath; subject to bath; lave; immerse or cover one's self |
batter | v. (타자) beat with successive blows; beat repeatedly and with violence |
bead | n. Syn. pearl; drops; droplet (구슬) small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood, that is pierced for stringing |
beautician | n. (미용사) one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments |
beforehand | ad. Syn. previously; aforetime (사전) in state of anticipation; in advance; by way of preparation |
beneficial | a. Syn. helpful; useful (이익) helpful; tending to promote physical well-being |
berth | n. (폭발) space for ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; place to sleep or stay; appointment or job |
beset | v. Syn. harass; attack (포위) attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in |
beverage | n. Syn. refreshment (표백제) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment |
bewilder | v. Syn. confuse (당황하게하다) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes |
bias | n. Syn. prejudice; preference (출혈) preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way |
bibliography | n. (조화) list of works of a specific author or publisher; list of writings relating to a given subject |
bilateral | a. Syn. mutual; lateral (깜박 사랑) two-sided; mutual |
bilingual | n. (굽힘) using or able to use two languages, especially with equal or nearly equal fluency |
bind | v. Syn. contract; cohere; stick (이익) tie, or confine with a cord, band, or chain; make fast; contract; cohere or stick together |
biography | n. (침대) an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life |
bitumen | n. (바이어스) mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame |
blaze | n. Syn. flame (국어) brilliant burst of fire; destructive fire; flame |
bleach | v. Syn. whiten; blanch (바인딩) make white or colorless; blanch |
bleak | a. Syn. cold; cheerless (의기소침한) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable |
blend | n. Syn. combination; mixture (물린) combination; mixture; forming uniform mixture |
blink | v. Syn. wink (구두약) shut eyes briefly; wink |
bloc | n. (당원은) a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action |
bloom | n. Syn. flower; blossom (꽃) flower; blossom; best time of youth; period of greatest prosperity or productivity |
blossom | n. (꽃) reproductive organ of plants, especially one having showy or colorful parts |
blot | n. (얼룩) spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing |
blunder | n. Syn. error (이 끊긴) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion |
blunt | a. Syn. insensitive (이 무딘) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive |
blur | n. Syn. stain; dim (흐리게) something that is hazy and indistinct to the sight or mind; dim, confused appearance; moral stain or blot |
blush | v. (홍당무) become rosy or reddish; turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame |
boast | v. Syn. brag; vaunt (자랑) show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride |
boil | v. (종기) be agitated; pass from a liquid to vapor when heated; be excited with passion; heat in water |
bookcase | n. (책장) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors |
bookkeeper | n. (경리) one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office |
bookstall | n. (헌책방) stall where books are sold, as on a street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale |
boost | v. Syn. raise; advance (강화) raise; advance; push or shove upward |
boundary | n. Syn. border; frontier (경계) dividing line; border; frontier |
bounty | n. Syn. kindness; virtue (은혜) goodness, kindness; virtue; liberality in giving |
bouquet | n. Syn. bunch (꽃다발) small cluster or arrangement of flowers; an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present |
bowel | n. (대장) a part or division of intestine; interior of something; any internal organ of the body, as the stomach, liver, brain |
boycott | v. (보이콧) refrain from buying or using |
brace | n. (브레 이스) something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod; |
brake | n. (브레이크) a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction |
brashness | n. (시주) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness |
breach | n. Syn. violation; infringement (위반) breaking of contract or duty |
breakthrough | n. (혁신) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction |
breed | v. Syn. raise; hatch; mate (번식) raise; produce offspring; give birth to or hatch; mate |
brew | v. Syn. boil; cook (스프) boil or seethe; cook; be in a state of preparation; be mixing, forming, or gathering |
brink | n. Syn. verge; border (직전) edge, margin, or border of a steep place verge |
brisk | a. Syn. energetic; swift (상쾌) marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner |
brochure | n. Syn. pamphlet (안내서) pamphlet; small book usually having paper cover |
bronze | n. (청동) an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements |
brood | v. (종족) think long and anxiously; be in a state of gloomy, serious thought |
browse | v. Syn. graze (브라 우즈) graze; skim or glance at casually |
bruise | v. (멍) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists |
buckle | v. Syn. fold; fasten; distort (버클) fold or collapse; bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat |
buffet | n. (부페) table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set out |
bulb | n. (전구) rounded part of a cylindrical structure; electric lamp consisting of a glass ball |
bulge | v. (팽창) cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude |
bulk | n. Syn. majority; mass (벌크) majority; main part; volume; mass |
bulletin | n. (게시판) brief statement of facts; any public notice or announcement; a periodical publication |
bumper | n. (범퍼) something as bars at edges to absorb shock and prevent serious damage |
bundle | n. Syn. packet; parcel (번들) packet; a package of things tied together; a large sum of money |
bungalow | n. (방갈로) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic |
buoyant | a. (탄력) able to float; cheerful and optimistic |
bureaucracy | n. (관료) over-regulated administrative system |
burgeon | v. Syn. thrive; mushroom (눈) grow forth; send out buds; grow or develop rapidly |
burial | n. Syn. grave (장사) grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground |
burrow | n. Syn. tunnel; den (뚫으) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging |
bustle | v. Syn. teem (소동) move or cause to move energetically and busily; teem |
butcher | n. Syn. slaughterer (정육점) one whose job is to kill animals for food; one who kills in large numbers, or with unusual cruelty; vendor, especially on train or in theater |
butterfly | n. (나비) insect typically having a slender body with broad colorful wings |
bypass | n. (바이패스) channel used to conduct gas or liquid around another pipe or a fixture; conductor having low resistance in parallel |
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