PTE Word List for Academic| Match Practice in Arabic

PTE for Academic Words

Group (A B) - Matching Quizzes

abbreviation

	(كاف) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose
	(الاقتراع) printed or written ticket used in voting; act of voting; whole number of votes cast at an election
	(أتمتة) replace or enhance human labor with machines
	(اختصار) shortening something by omitting parts of it

abnormal

	(القار) mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame
	(معدومة) pile up; collect; mount up; increase
	(الجرأة) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness
	(الشاذ) unusual; not typical; not normal

abolish

	(إلغاء) cancel; put an end to; destroy completely
	(الكشك) stall where books are sold, as on a street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale
	(ارتفاع) elevation especially above sea level; height
	(بكتيريا) single celled organism with no nucleus

aboriginal

	(اشادة) applaud; announce with great approval
	(تخصيص) parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot
	(مهدها) fold or collapse; bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat
	(السكان الأصليين) being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

abort

	(إفشال) stop; terminate before completion; terminate a pregnancy
	(فراشة) insect typically having a slender body with broad colorful wings
	(خزانة) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors
	(تخصيص) assign; distribute according to plan

abound

	(زيادة) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
	(الكشك) stall where books are sold, as on a street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale
	(تكثر) be full of; be plentiful
	(الجمالية) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste

abrasion

	(كشط) scratch; friction
	(انفراجه) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(دفعة) quantity of bread baked at one time; a collection of things or persons to be handled together
	(طرفة) shut eyes briefly; wink

abridge

	(اختزال) condense; shorten; reduce length of written text
	(معدومة) pile up; collect; mount up; increase
	(أتمتة) replace or enhance human labor with machines
	(بوشت) raise; advance; push or shove upward

abrupt

	(مفاجئ) broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another
	(فضل) goodness, kindness; virtue; liberality in giving
	(متنوعة) varied; miscellaneous
	(تأذن) empower; give permission for; sanction

absorb

	(انثروبولوجي) social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings
	(استيعاب) assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention
	(مرساة) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate
	(بارعون) expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

abstract

	(السنوي) disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate
	(الملخص) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand
	(الرابطة) likely; exactly suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand
	(الصعود) upward slope or grade; movement upward

abundance

	(إلحاق) attach; add as supplement or appendix
	(الهواة) nonprofessional; lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art
	(الساحة) playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments
	(الوفرة) great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing

accelerate

	(مفيدة) helpful; tending to promote physical well-being
	(تسريع) move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected
	(اللجوء) place of refuge or shelter; protection
	(استيعاب) assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

accessory

	(المشروب) boil or seethe; cook; be in a state of preparation; be mixing, forming, or gathering
	(الكماليات) additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item
	(التجميل) one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments
	(الجرأة) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness

acclaim

	(الملخص) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand
	(غامضة) unclear or doubtful in meaning
	(نشأت) come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action
	(اشادة) applaud; announce with great approval

accommodate

	(الفرامل) a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction
	(علم الفلك) branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and universe as a whole
	(المبتدئ) works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner
	(استيعاب) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for

accommodation

	(اللحاء) sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog
	(تدهش) astonish; affect with wonder
	(الإقامة) living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience
	(تعديل) change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

accompany

	(تصاحب) travel with; be associated with
	(أرشيف) public records; place where public records are kept
	(خرق) breaking of contract or duty
	(جنبا إلى جنب مع) along or by the side; side by side with

accord

	(المناوب) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute
	(تعدل) compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation
	(الفرامل) a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction
	(اتفاق) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states

accountable

	(تعديل) modify; cause to change; make different; convert
	(مساءلة) liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained
	(قديمة) no longer current or applicable; antiquated
	(تخفيف) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part

accumulate

	(المناوب) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute
	(معدومة) pile up; collect; mount up; increase
	(أرشيف) public records; place where public records are kept
	(حادة) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive

accuser

	(جهاز) a group of parts that work together to perform given function; appliance or device for particular purpose
	(ميكنة) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls
	(المتهم) one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault
	(السنوي) disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate

achieve

	(التجميل) one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments
	(إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill
	(التوقع) something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence
	(اختصار) shortening something by omitting parts of it

acquaint

	(المشروبات) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment
	(التعسفي) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
	(كشط) scratch; friction
	(تعريف) inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar

acquire

	(المتهم) one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault
	(خطأ) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
	(الصوتيات) gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with tracking system
	(التكيف) make fit for; change to suit a new purpose

acquisition

	(يصاحب) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting
	(امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
	(معقوف) consisting of, relating to, or being in water
	(الدروع) defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons

activate

	(جاذبية الكاتب) beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer
	(المدفعية) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons
	(ممنوع) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel
	(تنشيط) make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive

acute

	(حاد) quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe
	(الى الوراء) directed to the back or rear; unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; undeveloped
	(الوفرة) great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing
	(استيعاب) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for

adapt

	(يؤذون القطب الجنوبي) opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it
	(الجرأة) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness
	(حكاية) short account of amusing or interesting event; short narrative; secret story of history or biography
	(التكيف) make fit for; change to suit a new purpose

addict

	(الرابطة) approach; come near
	(الاستحمام) wash by immersion, as in a bath; subject to bath; lave; immerse or cover one's self
	(سبائك) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate
	(المدمن) cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

adept

	(ملموس) considerable; perceptible
	(التجميل) one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments
	(بارعون) expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
	(حادة) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive

adequate

	(التدقيق) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts
	(افرة) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large
	(كاف) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose
	(الريشة) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets

adhere

	(أتمتة) replace or enhance human labor with machines
	(تجميع) put together; bring or call together into a group or whole
	(جنبا إلى جنب مع) along or by the side; side by side with
	(تمسكا) stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with

adjacent

	(تعيين) appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly
	(التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near
	(تخصيص) parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot
	(لطخة) spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing

adjoin

	(تجاور) be next to; be contiguous to; border on
	(يروق) occupy in an agreeable, pleasing, or entertaining fashion; cause laughter or be funny; delude or deceive
	(حكاية) short account of amusing or interesting event; short narrative; secret story of history or biography
	(اللجوء) place of refuge or shelter; protection

administer

	(ولي) offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense
	(ممنوع) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel
	(إدارة) govern; supervise; give or apply medications
	(تعاني) attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in

administrate

	(تول) administer; supply; supervise or be in charge of
	(طيران) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics
	(خطأ) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
	(لمبة) rounded part of a cylindrical structure; electric lamp consisting of a glass ball

admission

	(القبول) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter
	(التدقيق) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts
	(طابق واحد) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic
	(ضمان) promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt

adolescence

	(بارعون) expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
	(إفشال) stop; terminate before completion; terminate a pregnancy
	(الرصيف) space for ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; place to sleep or stay; appointment or job
	(المراهقة) state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity

advent

	(الاعلان) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of
	(أتمتة) replace or enhance human labor with machines
	(متناقض) word of opposite meaning; counter term
	(مجيء) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

adverse

	(ولو) even though; although; notwithstanding
	(السلبية) in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
	(يذهل) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes
	(الريشة) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets

advertise

	(القار) mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame
	(الجرأة) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness
	(اللحاء) sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog
	(الاعلان) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of

advocate

	(إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill
	(محور) the center around which something rotates; pivot
	(الدعوة) speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something
	(ولي القوس) any part of a curved line

aerial

	(معقوف) consisting of, relating to, or being in water
	(مجيء) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important
	(الجوي) of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air
	(زيادة) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

aesthetic

	(طابق واحد) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic
	(جنبا إلى جنب مع) along or by the side; side by side with
	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
	(الجمالية) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste

affiliate

	(تعريف) inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar
	(انضم) associate; incorporate
	(ارتفاع) elevation especially above sea level; height
	(التعبير) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language

affirm

	(يؤكدان) assert; confirm
	(بتوقع) act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict
	(النشيد الوطني) song of praise or patriotism; song of devotion or loyalty
	(محور) the center around which something rotates; pivot

affix

	(يضعوا) fasten; append; add on; secure to something
	(اغتيال) act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack
	(يزعم) state without proof; assert to be true
	(تأسلي أطلس) a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables

afflict

	(المشروبات) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment
	(تصيب) cause pain, suffering or distress
	(الغموض) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty
	(مرساة) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate

aggregate

	(مجموع) gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to
	(تجاوز) channel used to conduct gas or liquid around another pipe or a fixture; conductor having low resistance in parallel
	(تكتل) a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action
	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

agitation

	(مفاجئ) broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another
	(منتبهة) achieve or accomplish; gain
	(حاجز) hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle
	(التحريض) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

agony

	(ملموس) considerable; perceptible
	(مقبول) extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle
	(الغموض) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty
	(الرصيف) space for ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; place to sleep or stay; appointment or job

agreeable

	(مقبول) ready to consent or submit; acceptable
	(ولي القوس) any part of a curved line
	(منتبهة) achieve or accomplish; gain
	(النشرة) brief statement of facts; any public notice or announcement; a periodical publication

airing

	(الغموض) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty
	(الحكم الذاتي مساعدة) helper, additional or subsidiary
	(تنشيط) make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive
	(بث) exposure to air for freshening or drying; exposure to public attention; radio or television broadcast

albeit

	(ولو) even though; although; notwithstanding
	(غامضة) unclear or doubtful in meaning
	(تكتل) a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action
	(كشط) scratch; friction

alienate

	(العداء) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor
	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
	(التحريض) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance
	(ينفر) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally

allege

	(الإستقلالية) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination
	(مجيء) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important
	(مساءلة) liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained
	(يزعم) state without proof; assert to be true

allegiance

	(التجديف) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable
	(ثنائي اللغة) two-sided; mutual
	(انتعش) marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner
	(الولاء) loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion

alleviate

	(تخفيف) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part
	(جنبا إلى جنب مع) along or by the side; side by side with
	(القفص) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away
	(ذخيرة) military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells

allocate

	(تخصيص) assign; distribute according to plan
	(التأكد) find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of
	(تجاور) be next to; be contiguous to; border on
	(السكان الأصليين) being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

allot

	(السكان الأصليين) being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native
	(تخصيص) parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot
	(ميكنة) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls
	(علم الفلك) branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and universe as a whole

allowance

	(وسط) amid; in the middle of; among
	(التقييم الشاملان) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
	(لطخة) spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing
	(البدل) approval; act of allowing, granting, or admitting

alloy

	(التحيز) preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way
	(محاسب) one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office
	(بوشت) raise; advance; push or shove upward
	(سبائك) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

alongside

	(التعبير) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
	(ضمادة) strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds
	(قوس) something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod;
	(جنبا إلى جنب مع) along or by the side; side by side with

alphabetical

	(السيرة الذاتية) an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life
	(مفاجئ) broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another
	(ملحق) something appended or added
	(هجائي) arranged in customary order of the letters of a language

alter

	(تصيب) cause pain, suffering or distress
	(مقبول) extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle
	(تعديل) modify; cause to change; make different; convert
	(رياضي) sports man; one who contended for prize in public games

alternate

	(دورية نشيد) acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands
	(نشأت) come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action
	(المناوب) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute
	(الصوتيات) gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with tracking system

altitude

	(الجانب) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind
	(كاف) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose
	(ارتفاع) elevation especially above sea level; height
	(الرابطة) likely; exactly suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand

amateur

	(الحضور) act of being present
	(والاضطراب) in the middle of; among; surrounded by
	(التجديف) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable
	(الهواة) nonprofessional; lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art

amaze

	(ملحق) something appended or added
	(جنبا إلى جنب مع) along or by the side; side by side with
	(أذهل) affect with wonder; surprise; shock
	(تدهش) astonish; affect with wonder

ambiguity

	(الغموض) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty
	(انثروبولوجي) social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings
	(كاف) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose
	(طموح) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

ambiguous

	(استيعاب) assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention
	(تأذن) empower; give permission for; sanction
	(غامضة) unclear or doubtful in meaning
	(إلحاق) attach; add as supplement or appendix

ambitious

	(تول) administer; supply; supervise or be in charge of
	(يذهل) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes
	(طموح) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(منتبهة) achieve or accomplish; gain

amend

	(تعديل) change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors
	(متنوعة) varied; miscellaneous
	(كشط) scratch; friction
	(تخفيف) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part

amends

	(طموح) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(الرابطة) likely; exactly suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand
	(تعدل) compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation
	(حجية) having weight of authority; peremptory and dictatorial

amid

	(الحضنة) think long and anxiously; be in a state of gloomy, serious thought
	(طيران) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics
	(ميكنة) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls
	(والاضطراب) in the middle of; among; surrounded by

amidst

	(معقوف) consisting of, relating to, or being in water
	(يصاحب) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting
	(جرداء) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
	(وسط) amid; in the middle of; among

ammunition

	(الرصيف) space for ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; place to sleep or stay; appointment or job
	(ذخيرة) military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells
	(تعديل) modify; cause to change; make different; convert
	(مساءلة) liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained

amphibian

	(مزيج) combination; mixture; forming uniform mixture
	(البرمائيات) able to live both on land and in water
	(القاعة) area of theater or concert hall where audience sits
	(الشاذ) unusual; not typical; not normal

ample

	(هجائي) arranged in customary order of the letters of a language
	(افرة) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large
	(البرمائيات) able to live both on land and in water
	(تأذن) empower; give permission for; sanction

amplify

	(الزهرة) reproductive organ of plants, especially one having showy or colorful parts
	(الإقامة) living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience
	(تضخيم) broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase
	(والاضطراب) in the middle of; among; surrounded by

amuse

	(يروق) occupy in an agreeable, pleasing, or entertaining fashion; cause laughter or be funny; delude or deceive
	(غامضة) unclear or doubtful in meaning
	(البدل) approval; act of allowing, granting, or admitting
	(اللجوء) place of refuge or shelter; protection

analogy

	(وسط) amid; in the middle of; among
	(القاعة) area of theater or concert hall where audience sits
	(القياس) similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity
	(الجوي) of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air

analyse

	(الأمعاء) a part or division of intestine; interior of something; any internal organ of the body, as the stomach, liver, brain
	(التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near
	(أرشيف) public records; place where public records are kept
	(تحليل) resolve anything complex into its elements; separate into parts for purpose of examination of each separately

analytical

	(اتفاق) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states
	(تأكيد) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
	(تحليلية) of analysis; resolving into elements or parts
	(القبول) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter

ancestor

	(سلف) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor
	(هجائي) arranged in customary order of the letters of a language
	(افتراض) something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of
	(ولو) even though; although; notwithstanding

anchor

	(اصطناعية) made by humans; produced rather than natural.
	(سيارات) self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway
	(بليتش) make white or colorless; blanch
	(مرساة) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate

anecdote

	(التجديف) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable
	(مجيء) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important
	(هجائي) arranged in customary order of the letters of a language
	(حكاية) short account of amusing or interesting event; short narrative; secret story of history or biography

annihilate

	(الدروع) defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons
	(إبادة) destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence
	(تخفيف) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part
	(نتوء) cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude

annoy

	(أتمتة) replace or enhance human labor with machines
	(تصيب) cause pain, suffering or distress
	(ميكنة) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls
	(السنوي) disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate

annuity

	(المناوب) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute
	(استحى) something that is hazy and indistinct to the sight or mind; dim, confused appearance; moral stain or blot
	(الأقساط) annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year
	(الإقامة) living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience

antagonism

	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
	(العداء) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor
	(النشرة) brief statement of facts; any public notice or announcement; a periodical publication
	(الثنائية ربط) tie, or confine with a cord, band, or chain; make fast; contract; cohere or stick together

antarctic

	(التدقيق) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts
	(ممنوع) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel
	(يؤذون القطب الجنوبي) opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it
	(ربطة) packet; a package of things tied together; a large sum of money

anthem

	(النشيد الوطني) song of praise or patriotism; song of devotion or loyalty
	(إلغاء) cancel; put an end to; destroy completely
	(التوقع) something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence
	(ميكنة) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls

anthology

	(مختارات) book of literary selections by various authors
	(بكتيريا) single celled organism with no nucleus
	(فراشة) insect typically having a slender body with broad colorful wings
	(خزانة) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors

anthropology

	(الاقتراع) printed or written ticket used in voting; act of voting; whole number of votes cast at an election
	(سيارات) self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway
	(ارتفاع) elevation especially above sea level; height
	(انثروبولوجي) social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings

antibiotic

	(تولد) raise; produce offspring; give birth to or hatch; mate
	(القفص) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away
	(متناقض) word of opposite meaning; counter term
	(مضادات الحيوية) of or relating to chemical substance that kills microorganisms and cures infections

anticipate

	(تصيب) cause pain, suffering or distress
	(الإقامة) living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience
	(بكتيريا) single celled organism with no nucleus
	(بتوقع) act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

anticipation

	(اللحاء) sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog
	(التوقع) something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence
	(خطأ) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
	(الوفرة) great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing

antonym

100

	(محور) the center around which something rotates; pivot
	(ارتفاع) elevation especially above sea level; height
	(متناقض) word of opposite meaning; counter term
	(اصطناعية) made by humans; produced rather than natural.

apologetic

101

	(الأمعاء) a part or division of intestine; interior of something; any internal organ of the body, as the stomach, liver, brain
	(لمبة) rounded part of a cylindrical structure; electric lamp consisting of a glass ball
	(تكتل) a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action
	(ولي) offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

apparatus

102

	(جهاز) a group of parts that work together to perform given function; appliance or device for particular purpose
	(الكماليات) additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item
	(رياضي) sports man; one who contended for prize in public games
	(مقبول) extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle

apparent

103

	(أتمتة) replace or enhance human labor with machines
	(رياضي) sports man; one who contended for prize in public games
	(الرابطة) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye
	(تبرعم) grow forth; send out buds; grow or develop rapidly

append

104

	(إلحاق) attach; add as supplement or appendix
	(استحى) become rosy or reddish; turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame
	(طابق واحد) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic
	(افتراض) something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of

appendix

105

	(ملحق) something appended or added
	(ولو) even though; although; notwithstanding
	(غامضة) unclear or doubtful in meaning
	(الرابطة) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye

applaud

106

	(امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
	(انثروبولوجي) social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings
	(ينفر) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally
	(دورية نشيد) acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

appliance

107

	(تصاحب) travel with; be associated with
	(فضل) goodness, kindness; virtue; liberality in giving
	(جهاز) a group of parts that work together to perform given function; appliance or device for particular purpose
	(الأجهزة) durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use

applicant

108

	(مقدم الطلب) candidate
	(جرداء) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
	(طموح) ambition; longing
	(مقايضة) trade goods or services without the exchange of money

appraisal

109

	(مقاطعة) refrain from buying or using
	(العجين) beat with successive blows; beat repeatedly and with violence
	(قديمة) no longer current or applicable; antiquated
	(التقييم الشاملان) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

appreciable

110

	(ملموس) considerable; perceptible
	(السيرة الذاتية) an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life
	(استحى) something that is hazy and indistinct to the sight or mind; dim, confused appearance; moral stain or blot
	(تكثر) be full of; be plentiful

apprentice

111

	(الإقامة) living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience
	(المدفعية) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons
	(المبتدئ) works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner
	(حجية) perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear

approximate

112

	(دفن) grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground
	(ثنائي اللغة) two-sided; mutual
	(جرداء) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
	(الرابطة) approach; come near

apt

113

	(فهرس) list of works of a specific author or publisher; list of writings relating to a given subject
	(الرابطة) likely; exactly suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand
	(أتمتة) replace or enhance human labor with machines
	(قياس الأداء) estimate value; judge worth of something

aptitude

114

	(المدمن) cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to
	(الموهبه) inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding
	(تبرعم) grow forth; send out buds; grow or develop rapidly
	(التقييم الشاملان) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

aquarium

115

	(بتوقع) act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict
	(الجمالية) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste
	(تقارب الحوض) tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals
	(ولي القوس) any part of a curved line

aquatic

116

	(برينك) edge, margin, or border of a steep place verge
	(معقوف) consisting of, relating to, or being in water
	(الصعود) upward slope or grade; movement upward
	(جهاز) a group of parts that work together to perform given function; appliance or device for particular purpose

arbitrary

117

	(المدفعية) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons
	(مقايضة) trade goods or services without the exchange of money
	(التعسفي) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
	(شاقة) demanding great effort or labor; difficult

arc

118

	(تخصيص) assign; distribute according to plan
	(إبادة) destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence
	(القوس) continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape
	(محور) the center around which something rotates; pivot

arch

119

	(يضعوا) fasten; append; add on; secure to something
	(الساحة) playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments
	(ولي القوس) any part of a curved line
	(ولي) offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

archaic

120

	(زيادة) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
	(قديمة) no longer current or applicable; antiquated
	(تأذن) empower; give permission for; sanction
	(الفرامل) a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction

architect

121

	(مركز البحوث الزراعية معماري) one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures
	(مضادات الحيوية) of or relating to chemical substance that kills microorganisms and cures infections
	(اللحاء) sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog
	(باقة) small cluster or arrangement of flowers; an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present

archives

122

	(أرشيف) public records; place where public records are kept
	(قياس الأداء) estimate value; judge worth of something
	(إثارة) excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep
	(التحريض) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

ardent

123

	(ممنوع) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel
	(شاقة) displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate
	(والاضطراب) in the middle of; among; surrounded by
	(المتهم) one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault

arduous

124

	(شاقة) demanding great effort or labor; difficult
	(إبادة) destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence
	(غامضة) unclear or doubtful in meaning
	(كدمة) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists

arena

125

	(الصعود) upward slope or grade; movement upward
	(بوفيه) table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set out
	(الساحة) playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments
	(ميكنة) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls

arise

126

	(مفيدة) helpful; tending to promote physical well-being
	(تجاور) be next to; be contiguous to; border on
	(مقدم الطلب) candidate
	(نشأت) come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action

armour

127

	(فضل) goodness, kindness; virtue; liberality in giving
	(الدروع) defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons
	(الحكم الذاتي مساعدة) helper, additional or subsidiary
	(قديمة) no longer current or applicable; antiquated

arouse

128

	(افتراض) something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of
	(بليتش) make white or colorless; blanch
	(بوفيه) table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set out
	(إثارة) excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

array

129

	(القفص) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away
	(البارومتر) instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere
	(اللجوء) place of refuge or shelter; protection
	(مجموعة) set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement

articulate

130

	(ملموس) considerable; perceptible
	(كدمة) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists
	(التعبير) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
	(محاسب) one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office

artificial

131

	(الانهيار) great mass of falling snow and ice
	(اصطناعية) made by humans; produced rather than natural.
	(طمس تباهى) show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride
	(سيارات) self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway

artillery

132

	(المدفعية) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons
	(العدوانية حاجز) obstacle; structure built to bar passage; boundary or limit
	(الجوي) of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air
	(بث) exposure to air for freshening or drying; exposure to public attention; radio or television broadcast

ascend

133

	(الحضور) act of being present
	(يصعد) climb; mount
	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
	(تصفح) graze; skim or glance at casually

ascent

134

	(خط الحدود) dividing line; border; frontier
	(الصعود) upward slope or grade; movement upward
	(المشروبات) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment
	(القوس) continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

ascertain

135

	(يروق) occupy in an agreeable, pleasing, or entertaining fashion; cause laughter or be funny; delude or deceive
	(التأكد) find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of
	(متناقض) word of opposite meaning; counter term
	(التجديف) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable

ascribe

136

	(إلغاء) cancel; put an end to; destroy completely
	(قوس) something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod;
	(المتهم) one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault
	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

aspect

137

	(الاعلان) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of
	(الغموض) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty
	(الجانب) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind
	(معدومة) pile up; collect; mount up; increase

aspiration

138

	(انثروبولوجي) social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings
	(طموح) ambition; longing
	(أتمتة) replace or enhance human labor with machines
	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

aspire

139

	(يطمح) seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end
	(اختصار) shortening something by omitting parts of it
	(شاقة) demanding great effort or labor; difficult
	(تخصيص) assign; distribute according to plan

assassination

140

	(تعدل) compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation
	(اغتيال) act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack
	(كاف) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose
	(قياس الأداء) estimate value; judge worth of something

assemble

141

	(تجميع) put together; bring or call together into a group or whole
	(مجيء) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important
	(تبرعم) grow forth; send out buds; grow or develop rapidly
	(تعديل) change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

assert

142

	(الأصول) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
	(تأكيد) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
	(الأجهزة) durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use
	(ممنوع) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel

assess

143

	(تأذن) empower; give permission for; sanction
	(قياس الأداء) estimate value; judge worth of something
	(اللحاء) sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog
	(إثارة) excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

asset

144

	(الصوتيات) gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with tracking system
	(الكماليات) additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item
	(الأصول) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
	(الجانب) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind

assign

145

	(الاستحمام) wash by immersion, as in a bath; subject to bath; lave; immerse or cover one's self
	(الهواة) nonprofessional; lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art
	(الجانب) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind
	(تعيين) appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly

assorted

146

	(متنوعة) varied; miscellaneous
	(اغتيال) act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack
	(البرونز) an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements
	(البرمائيات) able to live both on land and in water

assumption

147

	(العداء) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor
	(افتراض) something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of
	(التوقع) something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence
	(سبائك) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

assurance

148

	(ضمان) promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt
	(مسبقا) in state of anticipation; in advance; by way of preparation
	(النشرة) brief statement of facts; any public notice or announcement; a periodical publication
	(يضعوا) fasten; append; add on; secure to something

astound

149

	(طموح) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(أذهل) affect with wonder; surprise; shock
	(الاعلان) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of
	(المراهقة) state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity

astronomy

150

	(علم الفلك) branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and universe as a whole
	(سلف) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor
	(أذهل) affect with wonder; surprise; shock
	(تصاحب) travel with; be associated with

asylum

151

	(اللجوء) place of refuge or shelter; protection
	(الرابطة) approach; come near
	(كتيب) pamphlet; small book usually having paper cover
	(جاذبية الكاتب) beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer

athlete

152

	(النشيد الوطني) song of praise or patriotism; song of devotion or loyalty
	(إدارة) govern; supervise; give or apply medications
	(المدفعية) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons
	(رياضي) sports man; one who contended for prize in public games

atlas

153

	(طموح) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(تأذن) empower; give permission for; sanction
	(تأسلي أطلس) a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables
	(حظر) official prohibition; decree that prohibits something

attach

154

	(بارعون) expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
	(مزيج) combination; mixture; forming uniform mixture
	(ترفق) fasten; annex; be in contact with
	(انثروبولوجي) social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings

attain

155

	(الأصول) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
	(تصيب) cause pain, suffering or distress
	(منتبهة) achieve or accomplish; gain
	(كدمة) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists

attendance

156

	(بث) exposure to air for freshening or drying; exposure to public attention; radio or television broadcast
	(الحضور) act of being present
	(تجاوز) channel used to conduct gas or liquid around another pipe or a fixture; conductor having low resistance in parallel
	(خط الحدود) dividing line; border; frontier

attendant

157

	(يصاحب) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting
	(حادة) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
	(افتراض) something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of
	(القوس) continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

attribute

158

	(حبة) small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood, that is pierced for stringing
	(سمة) essential quality; reputation; honor
	(يذهل) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes
	(الشاذ) unusual; not typical; not normal

audible

159

	(قياس الأداء) estimate value; judge worth of something
	(حجية) not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy
	(التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near
	(حجية) perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear

audit

160

	(كاف) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose
	(إثارة) excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep
	(التدقيق) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts
	(الإستقلالية) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

auditorium

161

	(طموح) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(تغلي) be agitated; pass from a liquid to vapor when heated; be excited with passion; heat in water
	(القاعة) area of theater or concert hall where audience sits
	(استحى) something that is hazy and indistinct to the sight or mind; dim, confused appearance; moral stain or blot

augment

162

	(يصعد) climb; mount
	(جزار) one whose job is to kill animals for food; one who kills in large numbers, or with unusual cruelty; vendor, especially on train or in theater
	(زيادة) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
	(المبتدئ) works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner

authentic

163

	(حجية) not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy
	(الرابطة) approach; come near
	(تقارب الحوض) tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals
	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

author

164

	(جاذبية الكاتب) beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer
	(تقارب الحوض) tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals
	(الأقساط) annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year
	(مقاطعة) refrain from buying or using

authoritative

165

	(حجية) having weight of authority; peremptory and dictatorial
	(افرة) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large
	(سيارات) self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway
	(الأقساط) annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

authorize

166

	(ضمان) promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt
	(تأذن) empower; give permission for; sanction
	(قوس) something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod;
	(تجاور) be next to; be contiguous to; border on

automate

167

	(الغموض) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty
	(أتمتة) replace or enhance human labor with machines
	(ترفق) fasten; annex; be in contact with
	(مجيء) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

automatic

168

	(اختصار) shortening something by omitting parts of it
	(تأسلي أطلس) a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables
	(هجائي) arranged in customary order of the letters of a language
	(أوتوماتيكية) mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control

automation

169

	(ارتفاع) elevation especially above sea level; height
	(ميكنة) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls
	(الأقساط) annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year
	(حكاية) short account of amusing or interesting event; short narrative; secret story of history or biography

automobile

170

	(تجاور) be next to; be contiguous to; border on
	(سيارات) self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway
	(يضعوا) fasten; append; add on; secure to something
	(التدقيق) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts

autonomy

171

	(مضادات الحيوية) of or relating to chemical substance that kills microorganisms and cures infections
	(قياس الأداء) estimate value; judge worth of something
	(تسريع) move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected
	(الإستقلالية) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

auxiliary

172

	(تخصيص) parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot
	(اتفاق) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states
	(شاقة) demanding great effort or labor; difficult
	(الحكم الذاتي مساعدة) helper, additional or subsidiary

avail

173

	(الجوي) of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air
	(جدوى) turn to advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote
	(التجميل) one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments
	(إرباك) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of

avalanche

174

	(المراهقة) state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity
	(الانهيار) great mass of falling snow and ice
	(هجائي) arranged in customary order of the letters of a language
	(النشيد الوطني) song of praise or patriotism; song of devotion or loyalty

avert

175

	(ملحق) something appended or added
	(الموهبه) inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding
	(البرمائيات) able to live both on land and in water
	(القفص) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away

aviation

176

	(الخيزران) plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries
	(مساءلة) liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained
	(هجائي) arranged in customary order of the letters of a language
	(طيران) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics

axis

177

	(محور) the center around which something rotates; pivot
	(انفراجه) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(المشروبات) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment
	(يروق) occupy in an agreeable, pleasing, or entertaining fashion; cause laughter or be funny; delude or deceive

backward

178

	(الى الوراء) directed to the back or rear; unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; undeveloped
	(الوفرة) great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing
	(الخيزران) plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries
	(التكيف) make fit for; change to suit a new purpose

bacterium

179

	(الدعوة) speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something
	(بكتيريا) single celled organism with no nucleus
	(تجاور) be next to; be contiguous to; border on
	(يروق) occupy in an agreeable, pleasing, or entertaining fashion; cause laughter or be funny; delude or deceive

badminton

180

	(التجديف) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable
	(الريشة) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets
	(الجمالية) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste
	(ملحق) something appended or added

baffle

181

	(إرباك) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of
	(مفيدة) helpful; tending to promote physical well-being
	(انفراجه) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(مفاجئ) broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

ballot

182

	(الاقتراع) printed or written ticket used in voting; act of voting; whole number of votes cast at an election
	(إبادة) destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence
	(صب) majority; main part; volume; mass
	(تصيب) cause pain, suffering or distress

bamboo

183

	(اختزال) condense; shorten; reduce length of written text
	(الخيزران) plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries
	(حاجز) hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle
	(اقية) something as bars at edges to absorb shock and prevent serious damage

ban

184

	(حظر) official prohibition; decree that prohibits something
	(لطخة) spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing
	(تخصيص) assign; distribute according to plan
	(استيعاب) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for

bandage

185

	(ثنائي اللغة) two-sided; mutual
	(الموهبه) inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding
	(ضمادة) strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds
	(بليتش) make white or colorless; blanch

banish

186

	(ممنوع) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel
	(خط الحدود) dividing line; border; frontier
	(اللحاء) sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog
	(الملخص) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand

bankrupt

187

	(سبائك) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate
	(افلاس) penniless, without any money; financially ruined
	(بليتش) make white or colorless; blanch
	(الدعوة) speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something

banquet

188

	(ملموس) considerable; perceptible
	(حجية) having weight of authority; peremptory and dictatorial
	(صب) majority; main part; volume; mass
	(مأدبة) feast; entertainment of eating and drinking

bark

189

	(المناوب) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute
	(أتمتة) replace or enhance human labor with machines
	(القاعة) area of theater or concert hall where audience sits
	(اللحاء) sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog

barometer

190

	(حادة) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
	(الحضور) act of being present
	(السيرة الذاتية) an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life
	(البارومتر) instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere

barren

191

	(القفص) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away
	(حظر) official prohibition; decree that prohibits something
	(جرداء) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
	(خطأ) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion

barricade

192

	(يطمح) seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end
	(مساءلة) liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained
	(حاجز) hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle
	(التجديف) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable

barrier

193

	(اللجوء) place of refuge or shelter; protection
	(بلوم) flower; blossom; best time of youth; period of greatest prosperity or productivity
	(جنبا إلى جنب مع) along or by the side; side by side with
	(العدوانية حاجز) obstacle; structure built to bar passage; boundary or limit

barter

194

	(طموح) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(نتوء) cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude
	(مقايضة) trade goods or services without the exchange of money
	(اختصار) shortening something by omitting parts of it

batch

195

	(دفعة) quantity of bread baked at one time; a collection of things or persons to be handled together
	(تكتل) a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action
	(التحيز) preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way
	(الإستقلالية) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

bathe

196

	(مقاطعة) refrain from buying or using
	(استحى) become rosy or reddish; turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame
	(الاستحمام) wash by immersion, as in a bath; subject to bath; lave; immerse or cover one's self
	(المدمن) cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

batter

197

	(اقية) something as bars at edges to absorb shock and prevent serious damage
	(العجين) beat with successive blows; beat repeatedly and with violence
	(سيارات) self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway
	(تخصيص) parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot

bead

198

	(افرة) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large
	(ذخيرة) military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells
	(حبة) small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood, that is pierced for stringing
	(تخفيف) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part

beautician

199

	(التجميل) one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments
	(ينفر) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally
	(التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near
	(القبول) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter

beforehand

200

	(حادة) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
	(العدوانية حاجز) obstacle; structure built to bar passage; boundary or limit
	(مسبقا) in state of anticipation; in advance; by way of preparation
	(والاضطراب) in the middle of; among; surrounded by

beneficial

201

	(اختصار) shortening something by omitting parts of it
	(التعسفي) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
	(ملحق) something appended or added
	(مفيدة) helpful; tending to promote physical well-being

berth

202

	(مقبول) ready to consent or submit; acceptable
	(المدفعية) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons
	(الشاذ) unusual; not typical; not normal
	(الرصيف) space for ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; place to sleep or stay; appointment or job

beset

203

	(محاسب) one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office
	(التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near
	(تعاني) attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in
	(أوتوماتيكية) mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control

beverage

204

	(انثروبولوجي) social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings
	(مهدها) fold or collapse; bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat
	(المشروبات) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment
	(تصفح) graze; skim or glance at casually

bewilder

205

	(يذهل) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes
	(تحليل) resolve anything complex into its elements; separate into parts for purpose of examination of each separately
	(امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
	(كاف) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose

bias

206

	(إلغاء) cancel; put an end to; destroy completely
	(التحيز) preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way
	(تسريع) move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected
	(الاعلان) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of

bibliography

207

	(تنشيط) make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive
	(إرباك) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of
	(الساحة) playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments
	(فهرس) list of works of a specific author or publisher; list of writings relating to a given subject

bilateral

208

	(تبرعم) grow forth; send out buds; grow or develop rapidly
	(بورو) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging
	(ثنائي اللغة) two-sided; mutual
	(اتفاق) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states

bilingual

209

	(كاف) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose
	(انفراجه) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(معدومة) pile up; collect; mount up; increase
	(ثنائي اللغة) using or able to use two languages, especially with equal or nearly equal fluency

bind

210

	(الثنائية ربط) tie, or confine with a cord, band, or chain; make fast; contract; cohere or stick together
	(الكشك) stall where books are sold, as on a street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale
	(طابق واحد) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic
	(الريشة) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets

biography

211

	(السيرة الذاتية) an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life
	(طمس تباهى) show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride
	(رياضي) sports man; one who contended for prize in public games
	(الكماليات) additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

bitumen

212

	(القار) mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame
	(الحريق) brilliant burst of fire; destructive fire; flame
	(تجاور) be next to; be contiguous to; border on
	(الجرأة) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness

blaze

213

	(افتراض) something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of
	(الحريق) brilliant burst of fire; destructive fire; flame
	(سلف) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor
	(تسريع) move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected

bleach

214

	(بليتش) make white or colorless; blanch
	(يطمح) seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end
	(إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill
	(يصاحب) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting

bleak

215

	(التجديف) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable
	(ثنائي اللغة) using or able to use two languages, especially with equal or nearly equal fluency
	(مجيء) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important
	(ازدهار) able to float; cheerful and optimistic

blend

216

	(اختزال) condense; shorten; reduce length of written text
	(مزيج) combination; mixture; forming uniform mixture
	(متنوعة) varied; miscellaneous
	(طرفة) shut eyes briefly; wink

blink

217

	(ولو) even though; although; notwithstanding
	(فهرس) list of works of a specific author or publisher; list of writings relating to a given subject
	(طرفة) shut eyes briefly; wink
	(الرابطة) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye

bloc

218

	(تكتل) a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action
	(ثنائي اللغة) using or able to use two languages, especially with equal or nearly equal fluency
	(الدعوة) speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something
	(الغموض) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

bloom

219

	(خرق) breaking of contract or duty
	(بلوم) flower; blossom; best time of youth; period of greatest prosperity or productivity
	(اختصار) shortening something by omitting parts of it
	(ميكنة) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls

blossom

220

	(مقبول) ready to consent or submit; acceptable
	(الكماليات) additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item
	(طرفة) shut eyes briefly; wink
	(الزهرة) reproductive organ of plants, especially one having showy or colorful parts

blot

221

	(لطخة) spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing
	(تمسكا) stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with
	(الأقساط) annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year
	(بوشت) raise; advance; push or shove upward

blunder

222

	(خطأ) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
	(دفعة) quantity of bread baked at one time; a collection of things or persons to be handled together
	(مجموع) gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to
	(التدقيق) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts

blunt

223

	(حادة) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
	(تعديل) modify; cause to change; make different; convert
	(مفيدة) helpful; tending to promote physical well-being
	(المدفعية) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons

blur

224

	(استحى) something that is hazy and indistinct to the sight or mind; dim, confused appearance; moral stain or blot
	(حبة) small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood, that is pierced for stringing
	(استيعاب) assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention
	(اللحاء) sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog

blush

225

	(استحى) become rosy or reddish; turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame
	(ولي القوس) any part of a curved line
	(ميكنة) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls
	(يصعد) climb; mount

boast

226

	(التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near
	(الاستحمام) wash by immersion, as in a bath; subject to bath; lave; immerse or cover one's self
	(مقبول) extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle
	(طمس تباهى) show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride

boil

227

	(تغلي) be agitated; pass from a liquid to vapor when heated; be excited with passion; heat in water
	(جدوى) turn to advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote
	(التقييم الشاملان) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
	(ازدهار) able to float; cheerful and optimistic

bookcase

228

	(التوقع) something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence
	(تجاوز) channel used to conduct gas or liquid around another pipe or a fixture; conductor having low resistance in parallel
	(خزانة) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors
	(ازدهار) able to float; cheerful and optimistic

bookkeeper

229

	(تنشيط) make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive
	(شاقة) demanding great effort or labor; difficult
	(السكان الأصليين) being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native
	(محاسب) one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office

bookstall

230

	(جنبا إلى جنب مع) along or by the side; side by side with
	(أذهل) affect with wonder; surprise; shock
	(متنوعة) varied; miscellaneous
	(الكشك) stall where books are sold, as on a street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale

boost

231

	(بوشت) raise; advance; push or shove upward
	(الرابطة) approach; come near
	(إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill
	(قديمة) no longer current or applicable; antiquated

boundary

232

	(مقدم الطلب) candidate
	(تبرعم) grow forth; send out buds; grow or develop rapidly
	(خط الحدود) dividing line; border; frontier
	(التقييم الشاملان) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

bounty

233

	(تصاحب) travel with; be associated with
	(فضل) goodness, kindness; virtue; liberality in giving
	(رياضي) sports man; one who contended for prize in public games
	(ازدهار) able to float; cheerful and optimistic

bouquet

234

	(الرصيف) space for ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; place to sleep or stay; appointment or job
	(الى الوراء) directed to the back or rear; unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; undeveloped
	(باقة) small cluster or arrangement of flowers; an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present
	(الأصول) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality

bowel

235

	(مأدبة) feast; entertainment of eating and drinking
	(بوشت) raise; advance; push or shove upward
	(الأمعاء) a part or division of intestine; interior of something; any internal organ of the body, as the stomach, liver, brain
	(بورو) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging

boycott

236

	(تعديل) change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors
	(الساحة) playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments
	(مقاطعة) refrain from buying or using
	(تخفيف) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part

brace

237

	(القبول) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter
	(تبرعم) grow forth; send out buds; grow or develop rapidly
	(قوس) something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod;
	(تعريف) inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar

brake

238

	(بليتش) make white or colorless; blanch
	(محور) the center around which something rotates; pivot
	(الحضور) act of being present
	(الفرامل) a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction

brashness

239

	(الجرأة) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness
	(العداء) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor
	(المشروب) boil or seethe; cook; be in a state of preparation; be mixing, forming, or gathering
	(مفاجئ) broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

breach

240

	(متنوعة) varied; miscellaneous
	(خرق) breaking of contract or duty
	(حاد) quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe
	(اشادة) applaud; announce with great approval

breakthrough

241

	(انفراجه) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(مقبول) extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle
	(تصفح) graze; skim or glance at casually
	(الحضنة) think long and anxiously; be in a state of gloomy, serious thought

breed

242

	(الجرأة) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness
	(أتمتة) replace or enhance human labor with machines
	(تولد) raise; produce offspring; give birth to or hatch; mate
	(التجديف) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable

brew

243

	(المشروب) boil or seethe; cook; be in a state of preparation; be mixing, forming, or gathering
	(انتعش) marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner
	(سبائك) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate
	(مختارات) book of literary selections by various authors

brink

244

	(متنوعة) varied; miscellaneous
	(دورية نشيد) acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands
	(مأدبة) feast; entertainment of eating and drinking
	(برينك) edge, margin, or border of a steep place verge

brisk

245

	(الملخص) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand
	(التعسفي) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
	(البرمائيات) able to live both on land and in water
	(انتعش) marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner

brochure

246

	(تعاني) attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in
	(كتيب) pamphlet; small book usually having paper cover
	(خطأ) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
	(برينك) edge, margin, or border of a steep place verge

bronze

247

	(تمسكا) stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with
	(تخصيص) assign; distribute according to plan
	(سلف) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor
	(البرونز) an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements

brood

248

	(إثارة) excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep
	(مقبول) ready to consent or submit; acceptable
	(الحضنة) think long and anxiously; be in a state of gloomy, serious thought
	(المدمن) cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

browse

249

	(مرساة) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate
	(تصفح) graze; skim or glance at casually
	(الشاذ) unusual; not typical; not normal
	(الاستحمام) wash by immersion, as in a bath; subject to bath; lave; immerse or cover one's self

bruise

250

	(الموهبه) inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding
	(اشادة) applaud; announce with great approval
	(تجاوز) channel used to conduct gas or liquid around another pipe or a fixture; conductor having low resistance in parallel
	(كدمة) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists

buckle

251

	(مهدها) fold or collapse; bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat
	(مجيء) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important
	(افلاس) penniless, without any money; financially ruined
	(تكثر) be full of; be plentiful

buffet

252

	(تقارب الحوض) tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals
	(القفص) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away
	(تصاحب) travel with; be associated with
	(بوفيه) table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set out

bulb

253

	(طرفة) shut eyes briefly; wink
	(لمبة) rounded part of a cylindrical structure; electric lamp consisting of a glass ball
	(التكيف) make fit for; change to suit a new purpose
	(تأذن) empower; give permission for; sanction

bulge

254

	(نتوء) cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude
	(الجوي) of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air
	(سمة) essential quality; reputation; honor
	(التوقع) something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence

bulk

255

	(صب) majority; main part; volume; mass
	(تضخيم) broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase
	(سلف) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor
	(ربطة) packet; a package of things tied together; a large sum of money

bulletin

256

	(النشرة) brief statement of facts; any public notice or announcement; a periodical publication
	(مقبول) extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle
	(الولاء) loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion
	(العجين) beat with successive blows; beat repeatedly and with violence

bumper

257

	(اقية) something as bars at edges to absorb shock and prevent serious damage
	(النشيد الوطني) song of praise or patriotism; song of devotion or loyalty
	(الزهرة) reproductive organ of plants, especially one having showy or colorful parts
	(تولد) raise; produce offspring; give birth to or hatch; mate

bundle

258

	(ربطة) packet; a package of things tied together; a large sum of money
	(افلاس) penniless, without any money; financially ruined
	(محاسب) one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office
	(الجانب) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind

bungalow

259

	(طابق واحد) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic
	(العداء) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor
	(القياس) similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity
	(الكشك) stall where books are sold, as on a street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale

buoyant

260

	(الولاء) loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion
	(حبة) small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood, that is pierced for stringing
	(افلاس) penniless, without any money; financially ruined
	(ازدهار) able to float; cheerful and optimistic

bureaucracy

261

	(بيروقراطية) over-regulated administrative system
	(الهواة) nonprofessional; lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art
	(أذهل) affect with wonder; surprise; shock
	(تضخيم) broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

burgeon

262

	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
	(تبرعم) grow forth; send out buds; grow or develop rapidly
	(المشروب) boil or seethe; cook; be in a state of preparation; be mixing, forming, or gathering
	(بيروقراطية) over-regulated administrative system

burial

263

	(طابق واحد) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic
	(دفن) grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground
	(إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill
	(يذهل) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes

burrow

264

	(بورو) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging
	(نشأت) come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action
	(البرونز) an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements
	(سمة) essential quality; reputation; honor

bustle

265

	(صخب) move or cause to move energetically and busily; teem
	(دورية نشيد) acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands
	(قياس الأداء) estimate value; judge worth of something
	(بورو) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging

butcher

266

	(إفشال) stop; terminate before completion; terminate a pregnancy
	(المبتدئ) works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner
	(خزانة) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors
	(جزار) one whose job is to kill animals for food; one who kills in large numbers, or with unusual cruelty; vendor, especially on train or in theater

butterfly

267

	(إلحاق) attach; add as supplement or appendix
	(تعدل) compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation
	(فراشة) insect typically having a slender body with broad colorful wings
	(اغتيال) act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack

bypass

268

	(تنشيط) make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive
	(التكيف) make fit for; change to suit a new purpose
	(تجاوز) channel used to conduct gas or liquid around another pipe or a fixture; conductor having low resistance in parallel
	(تصيب) cause pain, suffering or distress

10 random practices Full list practices