PTE Word List for Academic| Match Practice in Arabic

PTE for Academic Words

Group (A B) - Matching Quizzes

abbreviation

	(الجانب) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind
	(اختصار) shortening something by omitting parts of it
	(مقايضة) trade goods or services without the exchange of money
	(الحكم الذاتي مساعدة) helper, additional or subsidiary

abnormal

	(اتفاق) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states
	(الشاذ) unusual; not typical; not normal
	(الموهبه) inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding
	(متناقض) word of opposite meaning; counter term

abolish

	(أذهل) affect with wonder; surprise; shock
	(إلغاء) cancel; put an end to; destroy completely
	(سيارات) self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway
	(صب) majority; main part; volume; mass

aboriginal

	(طموح) ambition; longing
	(السكان الأصليين) being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native
	(خطأ) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
	(تصفح) graze; skim or glance at casually

abort

	(إفشال) stop; terminate before completion; terminate a pregnancy
	(الأصول) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
	(افلاس) penniless, without any money; financially ruined
	(تغلي) be agitated; pass from a liquid to vapor when heated; be excited with passion; heat in water

abound

	(تكثر) be full of; be plentiful
	(تسريع) move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected
	(الرابطة) approach; come near
	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

abrasion

	(دفن) grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground
	(كشط) scratch; friction
	(تنشيط) make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive
	(الصعود) upward slope or grade; movement upward

abridge

	(قوس) something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod;
	(مقايضة) trade goods or services without the exchange of money
	(اختزال) condense; shorten; reduce length of written text
	(تعريف) inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar

abrupt

	(مفاجئ) broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another
	(اللحاء) sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog
	(كدمة) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists
	(العجين) beat with successive blows; beat repeatedly and with violence

absorb

	(مرساة) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate
	(استيعاب) assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention
	(اللجوء) place of refuge or shelter; protection
	(شاقة) demanding great effort or labor; difficult

abstract

	(الملخص) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand
	(قوس) something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod;
	(مساءلة) liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained
	(الشاذ) unusual; not typical; not normal

abundance

	(حظر) official prohibition; decree that prohibits something
	(البارومتر) instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere
	(الوفرة) great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing
	(علم الفلك) branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and universe as a whole

accelerate

	(التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near
	(تسريع) move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected
	(الهواة) nonprofessional; lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art
	(تأكيد) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

accessory

	(إرباك) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of
	(الكماليات) additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item
	(بلوم) flower; blossom; best time of youth; period of greatest prosperity or productivity
	(تضخيم) broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

acclaim

	(برينك) edge, margin, or border of a steep place verge
	(إرباك) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of
	(كدمة) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists
	(اشادة) applaud; announce with great approval

accommodate

	(بارعون) expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
	(معقوف) consisting of, relating to, or being in water
	(خرق) breaking of contract or duty
	(استيعاب) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for

accommodation

	(الإقامة) living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience
	(بارعون) expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
	(فهرس) list of works of a specific author or publisher; list of writings relating to a given subject
	(البرونز) an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements

accompany

	(شاقة) demanding great effort or labor; difficult
	(تصاحب) travel with; be associated with
	(الجانب) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind
	(تجميع) put together; bring or call together into a group or whole

accord

	(فراشة) insect typically having a slender body with broad colorful wings
	(المراهقة) state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity
	(المدفعية) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons
	(اتفاق) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states

accountable

	(مساءلة) liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained
	(بتوقع) act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict
	(يذهل) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes
	(المراهقة) state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity

accumulate

	(الزهرة) reproductive organ of plants, especially one having showy or colorful parts
	(النشيد الوطني) song of praise or patriotism; song of devotion or loyalty
	(معدومة) pile up; collect; mount up; increase
	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

accuser

	(النشيد الوطني) song of praise or patriotism; song of devotion or loyalty
	(المتهم) one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault
	(سبائك) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate
	(البرونز) an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements

achieve

	(قديمة) no longer current or applicable; antiquated
	(انتعش) marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner
	(اختزال) condense; shorten; reduce length of written text
	(إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill

acquaint

	(بكتيريا) single celled organism with no nucleus
	(تعريف) inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar
	(البرونز) an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements
	(التعبير) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language

acquire

	(القار) mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame
	(الصوتيات) gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with tracking system
	(الرابطة) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye
	(معقوف) consisting of, relating to, or being in water

acquisition

	(تكتل) a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action
	(امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
	(مفاجئ) broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another
	(والاضطراب) in the middle of; among; surrounded by

activate

	(ترفق) fasten; annex; be in contact with
	(اختزال) condense; shorten; reduce length of written text
	(الريشة) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets
	(تنشيط) make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive

acute

	(حاد) quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe
	(الرابطة) approach; come near
	(الشاذ) unusual; not typical; not normal
	(يصاحب) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting

adapt

	(تضخيم) broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase
	(التكيف) make fit for; change to suit a new purpose
	(سيارات) self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway
	(اتفاق) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states

addict

	(البرمائيات) able to live both on land and in water
	(المدمن) cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to
	(ضمادة) strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds
	(ارتفاع) elevation especially above sea level; height

adept

	(تحليل) resolve anything complex into its elements; separate into parts for purpose of examination of each separately
	(غامضة) unclear or doubtful in meaning
	(بارعون) expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
	(امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

adequate

	(كاف) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose
	(خطأ) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
	(مأدبة) feast; entertainment of eating and drinking

adhere

	(تغلي) be agitated; pass from a liquid to vapor when heated; be excited with passion; heat in water
	(تمسكا) stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with
	(قديمة) no longer current or applicable; antiquated
	(التأكد) find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of

adjacent

	(القاعة) area of theater or concert hall where audience sits
	(اختزال) condense; shorten; reduce length of written text
	(مجيء) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important
	(التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

adjoin

	(تمسكا) stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with
	(تجاور) be next to; be contiguous to; border on
	(طابق واحد) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic
	(الكشك) stall where books are sold, as on a street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale

administer

	(إدارة) govern; supervise; give or apply medications
	(دورية نشيد) acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands
	(تعاني) attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in
	(تنشيط) make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive

administrate

	(تدهش) astonish; affect with wonder
	(شاقة) displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate
	(تول) administer; supply; supervise or be in charge of
	(مزيج) combination; mixture; forming uniform mixture

admission

	(القبول) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter
	(زيادة) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
	(فراشة) insect typically having a slender body with broad colorful wings
	(مقاطعة) refrain from buying or using

adolescence

	(إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill
	(المراهقة) state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity
	(اغتيال) act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack
	(ملحق) something appended or added

advent

	(تولد) raise; produce offspring; give birth to or hatch; mate
	(يطمح) seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end
	(مهدها) fold or collapse; bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat
	(مجيء) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

adverse

	(السلبية) in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
	(العجين) beat with successive blows; beat repeatedly and with violence
	(بكتيريا) single celled organism with no nucleus
	(سبائك) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

advertise

	(الاعلان) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of
	(مركز البحوث الزراعية معماري) one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures
	(التجديف) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable
	(استيعاب) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for

advocate

	(كشط) scratch; friction
	(الدعوة) speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something
	(السلبية) in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
	(حجية) perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear

aerial

	(الجوي) of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air
	(انضم) associate; incorporate
	(الحضور) act of being present
	(ازدهار) able to float; cheerful and optimistic

aesthetic

	(الجمالية) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste
	(تضخيم) broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase
	(التحريض) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance
	(استيعاب) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for

affiliate

	(مساءلة) liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained
	(ممنوع) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel
	(انضم) associate; incorporate
	(جهاز) a group of parts that work together to perform given function; appliance or device for particular purpose

affirm

	(يؤكدان) assert; confirm
	(الخيزران) plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries
	(سبائك) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate
	(سلف) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor

affix

	(وسط) amid; in the middle of; among
	(التكيف) make fit for; change to suit a new purpose
	(يضعوا) fasten; append; add on; secure to something
	(افلاس) penniless, without any money; financially ruined

afflict

	(طموح) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(استيعاب) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for
	(الإستقلالية) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination
	(تصيب) cause pain, suffering or distress

aggregate

	(خزانة) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors
	(مزيج) combination; mixture; forming uniform mixture
	(برينك) edge, margin, or border of a steep place verge
	(مجموع) gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

agitation

	(الجانب) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind
	(التحريض) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance
	(الرابطة) likely; exactly suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand
	(حكاية) short account of amusing or interesting event; short narrative; secret story of history or biography

agony

	(مقبول) extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle
	(تنشيط) make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive
	(بكتيريا) single celled organism with no nucleus
	(حادة) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive

agreeable

	(يذهل) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes
	(تصيب) cause pain, suffering or distress
	(طمس تباهى) show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride
	(مقبول) ready to consent or submit; acceptable

airing

	(السنوي) disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate
	(مسبقا) in state of anticipation; in advance; by way of preparation
	(الإستقلالية) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination
	(بث) exposure to air for freshening or drying; exposure to public attention; radio or television broadcast

albeit

	(خط الحدود) dividing line; border; frontier
	(ولو) even though; although; notwithstanding
	(ذخيرة) military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells
	(تول) administer; supply; supervise or be in charge of

alienate

	(ممنوع) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel
	(ينفر) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally
	(المراهقة) state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity
	(الفرامل) a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction

allege

	(رياضي) sports man; one who contended for prize in public games
	(تعريف) inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar
	(استحى) become rosy or reddish; turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame
	(يزعم) state without proof; assert to be true

allegiance

	(سلف) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor
	(الولاء) loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion
	(أرشيف) public records; place where public records are kept
	(الصوتيات) gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with tracking system

alleviate

	(التدقيق) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts
	(بث) exposure to air for freshening or drying; exposure to public attention; radio or television broadcast
	(تخفيف) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part
	(الساحة) playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments

allocate

	(تخصيص) assign; distribute according to plan
	(دورية نشيد) acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands
	(الثنائية ربط) tie, or confine with a cord, band, or chain; make fast; contract; cohere or stick together
	(تخصيص) parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot

allot

	(تجاور) be next to; be contiguous to; border on
	(مركز البحوث الزراعية معماري) one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures
	(طموح) ambition; longing
	(تخصيص) parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot

allowance

	(البدل) approval; act of allowing, granting, or admitting
	(المشروبات) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment
	(الجرأة) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness
	(شاقة) demanding great effort or labor; difficult

alloy

	(إفشال) stop; terminate before completion; terminate a pregnancy
	(سبائك) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate
	(مأدبة) feast; entertainment of eating and drinking
	(طيران) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics

alongside

	(كدمة) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists
	(الجمالية) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste
	(جنبا إلى جنب مع) along or by the side; side by side with
	(ضمادة) strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds

alphabetical

	(مقايضة) trade goods or services without the exchange of money
	(صخب) move or cause to move energetically and busily; teem
	(الغموض) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty
	(هجائي) arranged in customary order of the letters of a language

alter

	(الجانب) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind
	(افرة) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large
	(الكماليات) additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item
	(تعديل) modify; cause to change; make different; convert

alternate

	(ملحق) something appended or added
	(الجانب) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind
	(طرفة) shut eyes briefly; wink
	(المناوب) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute

altitude

	(مركز البحوث الزراعية معماري) one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures
	(المشروب) boil or seethe; cook; be in a state of preparation; be mixing, forming, or gathering
	(ارتفاع) elevation especially above sea level; height
	(يصاحب) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting

amateur

	(الهواة) nonprofessional; lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art
	(الإستقلالية) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination
	(شاقة) displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate
	(تكثر) be full of; be plentiful

amaze

	(طابق واحد) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic
	(تدهش) astonish; affect with wonder
	(ارتفاع) elevation especially above sea level; height
	(محاسب) one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office

ambiguity

	(طرفة) shut eyes briefly; wink
	(الغموض) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty
	(افرة) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large
	(سيارات) self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway

ambiguous

	(المراهقة) state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity
	(ضمادة) strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds
	(غامضة) unclear or doubtful in meaning
	(ارتفاع) elevation especially above sea level; height

ambitious

	(القار) mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame
	(طموح) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(تجميع) put together; bring or call together into a group or whole
	(اتفاق) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states

amend

	(تعديل) change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors
	(انفراجه) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(التكيف) make fit for; change to suit a new purpose
	(يصاحب) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting

amends

	(الثنائية ربط) tie, or confine with a cord, band, or chain; make fast; contract; cohere or stick together
	(جرداء) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
	(السلبية) in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
	(تعدل) compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation

amid

	(قديمة) no longer current or applicable; antiquated
	(الشاذ) unusual; not typical; not normal
	(الأقساط) annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year
	(والاضطراب) in the middle of; among; surrounded by

amidst

	(يصاحب) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting
	(تأكيد) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
	(وسط) amid; in the middle of; among
	(الكشك) stall where books are sold, as on a street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale

ammunition

	(تكتل) a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action
	(إرباك) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of
	(ذخيرة) military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells
	(السنوي) disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate

amphibian

	(نشأت) come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action
	(إبادة) destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence
	(تولد) raise; produce offspring; give birth to or hatch; mate
	(البرمائيات) able to live both on land and in water

ample

	(الرابطة) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye
	(الحضنة) think long and anxiously; be in a state of gloomy, serious thought
	(افرة) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large
	(تخصيص) assign; distribute according to plan

amplify

	(تضخيم) broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase
	(جرداء) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
	(دفن) grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground
	(ثنائي اللغة) two-sided; mutual

amuse

	(الأمعاء) a part or division of intestine; interior of something; any internal organ of the body, as the stomach, liver, brain
	(بوفيه) table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set out
	(المناوب) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute
	(يروق) occupy in an agreeable, pleasing, or entertaining fashion; cause laughter or be funny; delude or deceive

analogy

	(ولي القوس) any part of a curved line
	(القياس) similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity
	(إلحاق) attach; add as supplement or appendix
	(التحريض) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

analyse

	(تحليل) resolve anything complex into its elements; separate into parts for purpose of examination of each separately
	(مزيج) combination; mixture; forming uniform mixture
	(كاف) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose
	(تصاحب) travel with; be associated with

analytical

	(مرساة) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate
	(تحليلية) of analysis; resolving into elements or parts
	(طيران) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics
	(السيرة الذاتية) an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life

ancestor

	(تعدل) compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation
	(سلف) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor
	(بوشت) raise; advance; push or shove upward
	(محور) the center around which something rotates; pivot

anchor

	(حجية) having weight of authority; peremptory and dictatorial
	(مرساة) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate
	(المدفعية) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons
	(تقارب الحوض) tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals

anecdote

	(غامضة) unclear or doubtful in meaning
	(الصعود) upward slope or grade; movement upward
	(التعسفي) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
	(حكاية) short account of amusing or interesting event; short narrative; secret story of history or biography

annihilate

	(دورية نشيد) acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands
	(الحكم الذاتي مساعدة) helper, additional or subsidiary
	(إبادة) destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence
	(معقوف) consisting of, relating to, or being in water

annoy

	(السنوي) disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate
	(قياس الأداء) estimate value; judge worth of something
	(الشاذ) unusual; not typical; not normal
	(محاسب) one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office

annuity

	(انثروبولوجي) social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings
	(الأقساط) annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year
	(التعبير) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
	(بتوقع) act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

antagonism

	(العداء) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor
	(افرة) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large
	(طموح) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(ينفر) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally

antarctic

	(ارتفاع) elevation especially above sea level; height
	(يؤذون القطب الجنوبي) opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it
	(التحريض) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance
	(إلحاق) attach; add as supplement or appendix

anthem

	(متنوعة) varied; miscellaneous
	(طمس تباهى) show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride
	(الصعود) upward slope or grade; movement upward
	(النشيد الوطني) song of praise or patriotism; song of devotion or loyalty

anthology

	(مختارات) book of literary selections by various authors
	(الثنائية ربط) tie, or confine with a cord, band, or chain; make fast; contract; cohere or stick together
	(الصعود) upward slope or grade; movement upward
	(مقاطعة) refrain from buying or using

anthropology

	(كشط) scratch; friction
	(انثروبولوجي) social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings
	(تأكيد) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
	(ولي) offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

antibiotic

	(مضادات الحيوية) of or relating to chemical substance that kills microorganisms and cures infections
	(التدقيق) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts
	(مهدها) fold or collapse; bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat
	(القفص) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away

anticipate

	(التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near
	(التجديف) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable
	(بتوقع) act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict
	(يؤكدان) assert; confirm

anticipation

	(التوقع) something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence
	(أوتوماتيكية) mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control
	(ملحق) something appended or added
	(سبائك) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

antonym

100

	(البارومتر) instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere
	(العجين) beat with successive blows; beat repeatedly and with violence
	(المدمن) cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to
	(متناقض) word of opposite meaning; counter term

apologetic

101

	(الولاء) loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion
	(ولي) offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense
	(حكاية) short account of amusing or interesting event; short narrative; secret story of history or biography
	(المشروبات) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment

apparatus

102

	(جهاز) a group of parts that work together to perform given function; appliance or device for particular purpose
	(اختزال) condense; shorten; reduce length of written text
	(ولو) even though; although; notwithstanding
	(طموح) ambition; longing

apparent

103

	(التحيز) preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way
	(الرابطة) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye
	(نتوء) cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude
	(تعاني) attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in

append

104

	(جاذبية الكاتب) beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer
	(مقدم الطلب) candidate
	(يصعد) climb; mount
	(إلحاق) attach; add as supplement or appendix

appendix

105

	(الأجهزة) durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use
	(يزعم) state without proof; assert to be true
	(باقة) small cluster or arrangement of flowers; an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present
	(ملحق) something appended or added

applaud

106

	(افرة) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large
	(دورية نشيد) acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands
	(المدفعية) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons
	(تدهش) astonish; affect with wonder

appliance

107

	(التوقع) something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence
	(الأجهزة) durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use
	(تسريع) move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected
	(البدل) approval; act of allowing, granting, or admitting

applicant

108

	(المدمن) cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to
	(مقدم الطلب) candidate
	(الدعوة) speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something
	(الساحة) playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments

appraisal

109

	(القوس) continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape
	(خط الحدود) dividing line; border; frontier
	(التقييم الشاملان) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
	(فراشة) insect typically having a slender body with broad colorful wings

appreciable

110

	(الفرامل) a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction
	(ملموس) considerable; perceptible
	(صب) majority; main part; volume; mass
	(الموهبه) inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding

apprentice

111

	(الاقتراع) printed or written ticket used in voting; act of voting; whole number of votes cast at an election
	(اصطناعية) made by humans; produced rather than natural.
	(حجية) perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear
	(المبتدئ) works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner

approximate

112

	(فضل) goodness, kindness; virtue; liberality in giving
	(الرابطة) approach; come near
	(تعديل) modify; cause to change; make different; convert
	(استيعاب) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for

apt

113

	(التوقع) something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence
	(الأجهزة) durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use
	(الرابطة) likely; exactly suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand
	(النشرة) brief statement of facts; any public notice or announcement; a periodical publication

aptitude

114

	(التحريض) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance
	(استيعاب) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for
	(رياضي) sports man; one who contended for prize in public games
	(الموهبه) inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding

aquarium

115

	(ذخيرة) military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells
	(السلبية) in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
	(تقارب الحوض) tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals
	(حكاية) short account of amusing or interesting event; short narrative; secret story of history or biography

aquatic

116

	(معقوف) consisting of, relating to, or being in water
	(علم الفلك) branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and universe as a whole
	(المدفعية) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons
	(مقايضة) trade goods or services without the exchange of money

arbitrary

117

	(تجميع) put together; bring or call together into a group or whole
	(التعسفي) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
	(تكتل) a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action
	(الجرأة) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness

arc

118

	(تعيين) appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly
	(القوس) continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape
	(تمسكا) stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with
	(ترفق) fasten; annex; be in contact with

arch

119

	(استحى) something that is hazy and indistinct to the sight or mind; dim, confused appearance; moral stain or blot
	(ولي القوس) any part of a curved line
	(والاضطراب) in the middle of; among; surrounded by
	(مفيدة) helpful; tending to promote physical well-being

archaic

120

	(غامضة) unclear or doubtful in meaning
	(قديمة) no longer current or applicable; antiquated
	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
	(الانهيار) great mass of falling snow and ice

architect

121

	(الساحة) playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments
	(مركز البحوث الزراعية معماري) one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures
	(القفص) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away
	(اختصار) shortening something by omitting parts of it

archives

122

	(أرشيف) public records; place where public records are kept
	(تخفيف) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part
	(قديمة) no longer current or applicable; antiquated
	(الرابطة) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye

ardent

123

	(شاقة) displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate
	(التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near
	(إلغاء) cancel; put an end to; destroy completely
	(منتبهة) achieve or accomplish; gain

arduous

124

	(حادة) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
	(تقارب الحوض) tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals
	(شاقة) demanding great effort or labor; difficult
	(طابق واحد) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic

arena

125

	(حجية) having weight of authority; peremptory and dictatorial
	(الساحة) playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments
	(المدمن) cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to
	(سلف) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor

arise

126

	(جنبا إلى جنب مع) along or by the side; side by side with
	(إرباك) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of
	(الأمعاء) a part or division of intestine; interior of something; any internal organ of the body, as the stomach, liver, brain
	(نشأت) come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action

armour

127

	(فراشة) insect typically having a slender body with broad colorful wings
	(الدروع) defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons
	(طيران) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics
	(يزعم) state without proof; assert to be true

arouse

128

	(بورو) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging
	(إثارة) excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep
	(نتوء) cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude
	(ازدهار) able to float; cheerful and optimistic

array

129

	(مجموعة) set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement
	(اغتيال) act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack
	(يؤكدان) assert; confirm
	(إفشال) stop; terminate before completion; terminate a pregnancy

articulate

130

	(يذهل) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes
	(التعبير) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
	(استحى) something that is hazy and indistinct to the sight or mind; dim, confused appearance; moral stain or blot
	(ولو) even though; although; notwithstanding

artificial

131

	(اصطناعية) made by humans; produced rather than natural.
	(ربطة) packet; a package of things tied together; a large sum of money
	(البدل) approval; act of allowing, granting, or admitting
	(كدمة) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists

artillery

132

	(المدفعية) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons
	(إفشال) stop; terminate before completion; terminate a pregnancy
	(الغموض) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty
	(التوقع) something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence

ascend

133

	(يصعد) climb; mount
	(الصعود) upward slope or grade; movement upward
	(ترفق) fasten; annex; be in contact with
	(ربطة) packet; a package of things tied together; a large sum of money

ascent

134

	(الصعود) upward slope or grade; movement upward
	(وسط) amid; in the middle of; among
	(الاعلان) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of
	(التحيز) preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way

ascertain

135

	(التأكد) find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of
	(سيارات) self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway
	(يضعوا) fasten; append; add on; secure to something
	(السيرة الذاتية) an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life

ascribe

136

	(القوس) continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape
	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
	(تأسلي أطلس) a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables
	(شاقة) displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

aspect

137

	(الاستحمام) wash by immersion, as in a bath; subject to bath; lave; immerse or cover one's self
	(الفرامل) a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction
	(دفن) grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground
	(الجانب) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind

aspiration

138

	(امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
	(طموح) ambition; longing
	(إفشال) stop; terminate before completion; terminate a pregnancy
	(تول) administer; supply; supervise or be in charge of

aspire

139

	(النشيد الوطني) song of praise or patriotism; song of devotion or loyalty
	(مجموعة) set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement
	(يطمح) seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end
	(الرابطة) approach; come near

assassination

140

	(سمة) essential quality; reputation; honor
	(السيرة الذاتية) an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life
	(مفاجئ) broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another
	(اغتيال) act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack

assemble

141

	(منتبهة) achieve or accomplish; gain
	(العداء) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor
	(تجميع) put together; bring or call together into a group or whole
	(يطمح) seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end

assert

142

	(الزهرة) reproductive organ of plants, especially one having showy or colorful parts
	(تأكيد) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
	(انضم) associate; incorporate
	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

assess

143

	(قياس الأداء) estimate value; judge worth of something
	(الوفرة) great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing
	(أذهل) affect with wonder; surprise; shock
	(المدفعية) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons

asset

144

	(الأصول) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
	(يؤكدان) assert; confirm
	(حظر) official prohibition; decree that prohibits something
	(ولي القوس) any part of a curved line

assign

145

	(الوفرة) great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing
	(الأصول) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
	(تعيين) appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly
	(صب) majority; main part; volume; mass

assorted

146

	(قديمة) no longer current or applicable; antiquated
	(العداء) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor
	(انفراجه) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(متنوعة) varied; miscellaneous

assumption

147

	(السيرة الذاتية) an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life
	(افتراض) something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of
	(الرصيف) space for ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; place to sleep or stay; appointment or job
	(التعسفي) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle

assurance

148

	(زيادة) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
	(بوفيه) table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set out
	(طرفة) shut eyes briefly; wink
	(ضمان) promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt

astound

149

	(القفص) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away
	(ولي) offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense
	(أذهل) affect with wonder; surprise; shock
	(التعسفي) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle

astronomy

150

	(علم الفلك) branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and universe as a whole
	(كاف) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose
	(ينفر) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally
	(اصطناعية) made by humans; produced rather than natural.

asylum

151

	(التعسفي) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
	(ولي القوس) any part of a curved line
	(التأكد) find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of
	(اللجوء) place of refuge or shelter; protection

athlete

152

	(رياضي) sports man; one who contended for prize in public games
	(ثنائي اللغة) two-sided; mutual
	(الإقامة) living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience
	(الرابطة) likely; exactly suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand

atlas

153

	(تأسلي أطلس) a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables
	(غامضة) unclear or doubtful in meaning
	(القار) mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame
	(سلف) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor

attach

154

	(بوشت) raise; advance; push or shove upward
	(التقييم الشاملان) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
	(الرابطة) likely; exactly suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand
	(ترفق) fasten; annex; be in contact with

attain

155

	(منتبهة) achieve or accomplish; gain
	(محاسب) one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office
	(نشأت) come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action
	(الحكم الذاتي مساعدة) helper, additional or subsidiary

attendance

156

	(ميكنة) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls
	(الحضور) act of being present
	(ضمان) promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt
	(اصطناعية) made by humans; produced rather than natural.

attendant

157

	(بوفيه) table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set out
	(يصاحب) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting
	(مرساة) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate
	(يؤذون القطب الجنوبي) opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it

attribute

158

	(التعسفي) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
	(تغلي) be agitated; pass from a liquid to vapor when heated; be excited with passion; heat in water
	(تولد) raise; produce offspring; give birth to or hatch; mate
	(سمة) essential quality; reputation; honor

audible

159

	(التعسفي) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
	(حجية) perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear
	(البدل) approval; act of allowing, granting, or admitting
	(تخفيف) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part

audit

160

	(مهدها) fold or collapse; bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat
	(التدقيق) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts
	(العدوانية حاجز) obstacle; structure built to bar passage; boundary or limit
	(تجاوز) channel used to conduct gas or liquid around another pipe or a fixture; conductor having low resistance in parallel

auditorium

161

	(القاعة) area of theater or concert hall where audience sits
	(هجائي) arranged in customary order of the letters of a language
	(الجرأة) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness
	(محور) the center around which something rotates; pivot

augment

162

	(لطخة) spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing
	(تحليلية) of analysis; resolving into elements or parts
	(زيادة) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
	(الموهبه) inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding

authentic

163

	(طموح) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(حجية) not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy
	(إرباك) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of
	(الزهرة) reproductive organ of plants, especially one having showy or colorful parts

author

164

	(النشيد الوطني) song of praise or patriotism; song of devotion or loyalty
	(الأمعاء) a part or division of intestine; interior of something; any internal organ of the body, as the stomach, liver, brain
	(جاذبية الكاتب) beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer
	(ينفر) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally

authoritative

165

	(تمسكا) stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with
	(التعبير) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
	(حجية) having weight of authority; peremptory and dictatorial
	(تعدل) compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation

authorize

166

	(الأجهزة) durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use
	(الأقساط) annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year
	(إدارة) govern; supervise; give or apply medications
	(تأذن) empower; give permission for; sanction

automate

167

	(طرفة) shut eyes briefly; wink
	(أتمتة) replace or enhance human labor with machines
	(قياس الأداء) estimate value; judge worth of something
	(العداء) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

automatic

168

	(أوتوماتيكية) mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control
	(ممنوع) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel
	(دفن) grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground
	(برينك) edge, margin, or border of a steep place verge

automation

169

	(الأصول) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
	(التجميل) one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments
	(تول) administer; supply; supervise or be in charge of
	(ميكنة) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls

automobile

170

	(يضعوا) fasten; append; add on; secure to something
	(سيارات) self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway
	(مقايضة) trade goods or services without the exchange of money
	(المشروبات) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment

autonomy

171

	(التدقيق) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts
	(تكتل) a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action
	(الإستقلالية) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination
	(خرق) breaking of contract or duty

auxiliary

172

	(الى الوراء) directed to the back or rear; unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; undeveloped
	(امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
	(العدوانية حاجز) obstacle; structure built to bar passage; boundary or limit
	(الحكم الذاتي مساعدة) helper, additional or subsidiary

avail

173

	(تصاحب) travel with; be associated with
	(مقبول) extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle
	(جدوى) turn to advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote
	(تصفح) graze; skim or glance at casually

avalanche

174

	(التعسفي) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
	(الانهيار) great mass of falling snow and ice
	(صخب) move or cause to move energetically and busily; teem
	(إلحاق) attach; add as supplement or appendix

avert

175

	(تدهش) astonish; affect with wonder
	(القفص) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away
	(النشرة) brief statement of facts; any public notice or announcement; a periodical publication
	(الرصيف) space for ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; place to sleep or stay; appointment or job

aviation

176

	(يصاحب) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting
	(السكان الأصليين) being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native
	(مضادات الحيوية) of or relating to chemical substance that kills microorganisms and cures infections
	(طيران) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics

axis

177

	(القبول) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter
	(محور) the center around which something rotates; pivot
	(كدمة) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists
	(ولي القوس) any part of a curved line

backward

178

	(تحليل) resolve anything complex into its elements; separate into parts for purpose of examination of each separately
	(الى الوراء) directed to the back or rear; unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; undeveloped
	(مزيج) combination; mixture; forming uniform mixture
	(لطخة) spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing

bacterium

179

	(طابق واحد) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic
	(بكتيريا) single celled organism with no nucleus
	(تحليلية) of analysis; resolving into elements or parts
	(تخصيص) assign; distribute according to plan

badminton

180

	(والاضطراب) in the middle of; among; surrounded by
	(تجاور) be next to; be contiguous to; border on
	(الريشة) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets
	(الأصول) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality

baffle

181

	(الريشة) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets
	(إرباك) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of
	(تعديل) modify; cause to change; make different; convert
	(انثروبولوجي) social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings

ballot

182

	(التعبير) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
	(الاقتراع) printed or written ticket used in voting; act of voting; whole number of votes cast at an election
	(خرق) breaking of contract or duty
	(لمبة) rounded part of a cylindrical structure; electric lamp consisting of a glass ball

bamboo

183

	(الخيزران) plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries
	(يذهل) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes
	(الحريق) brilliant burst of fire; destructive fire; flame
	(حجية) not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy

ban

184

	(التحريض) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance
	(اللجوء) place of refuge or shelter; protection
	(تجاور) be next to; be contiguous to; border on
	(حظر) official prohibition; decree that prohibits something

bandage

185

	(ازدهار) able to float; cheerful and optimistic
	(تعدل) compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation
	(رياضي) sports man; one who contended for prize in public games
	(ضمادة) strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds

banish

186

	(حجية) perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear
	(الكشك) stall where books are sold, as on a street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale
	(العدوانية حاجز) obstacle; structure built to bar passage; boundary or limit
	(ممنوع) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel

bankrupt

187

	(الاقتراع) printed or written ticket used in voting; act of voting; whole number of votes cast at an election
	(افلاس) penniless, without any money; financially ruined
	(تغلي) be agitated; pass from a liquid to vapor when heated; be excited with passion; heat in water
	(المبتدئ) works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner

banquet

188

	(كاف) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose
	(بوفيه) table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set out
	(يصاحب) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting
	(مأدبة) feast; entertainment of eating and drinking

bark

189

	(اللحاء) sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog
	(اتفاق) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states
	(تصاحب) travel with; be associated with
	(الحكم الذاتي مساعدة) helper, additional or subsidiary

barometer

190

	(التوقع) something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence
	(مرساة) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate
	(البارومتر) instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere
	(حجية) perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear

barren

191

	(جرداء) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
	(المدمن) cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to
	(يزعم) state without proof; assert to be true
	(اللحاء) sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog

barricade

192

	(حاجز) hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle
	(المناوب) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute
	(تعيين) appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly
	(الولاء) loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion

barrier

193

	(العدوانية حاجز) obstacle; structure built to bar passage; boundary or limit
	(مسبقا) in state of anticipation; in advance; by way of preparation
	(تعاني) attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in
	(الأقساط) annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

barter

194

	(الصعود) upward slope or grade; movement upward
	(التدقيق) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts
	(خطأ) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
	(مقايضة) trade goods or services without the exchange of money

batch

195

	(يذهل) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes
	(القبول) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter
	(بوشت) raise; advance; push or shove upward
	(دفعة) quantity of bread baked at one time; a collection of things or persons to be handled together

bathe

196

	(الاستحمام) wash by immersion, as in a bath; subject to bath; lave; immerse or cover one's self
	(طيران) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics
	(طرفة) shut eyes briefly; wink
	(جدوى) turn to advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote

batter

197

	(العجين) beat with successive blows; beat repeatedly and with violence
	(البارومتر) instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere
	(الاعلان) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of
	(التدقيق) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts

bead

198

	(اغتيال) act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack
	(طموح) ambition; longing
	(تمسكا) stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with
	(حبة) small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood, that is pierced for stringing

beautician

199

	(الملخص) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand
	(التجميل) one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments
	(الدروع) defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons
	(سبائك) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

beforehand

200

	(ترفق) fasten; annex; be in contact with
	(يؤكدان) assert; confirm
	(الهواة) nonprofessional; lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art
	(مسبقا) in state of anticipation; in advance; by way of preparation

beneficial

201

	(تأذن) empower; give permission for; sanction
	(الجمالية) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste
	(مفيدة) helpful; tending to promote physical well-being
	(الهواة) nonprofessional; lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art

berth

202

	(لطخة) spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing
	(الرصيف) space for ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; place to sleep or stay; appointment or job
	(ضمان) promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt
	(أوتوماتيكية) mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control

beset

203

	(ولو) even though; although; notwithstanding
	(باقة) small cluster or arrangement of flowers; an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present
	(تعاني) attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in
	(طموح) ambition; longing

beverage

204

	(المشروبات) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment
	(ينفر) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally
	(متناقض) word of opposite meaning; counter term
	(إفشال) stop; terminate before completion; terminate a pregnancy

bewilder

205

	(سبائك) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate
	(المبتدئ) works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner
	(ممنوع) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel
	(يذهل) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes

bias

206

	(التحيز) preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way
	(خط الحدود) dividing line; border; frontier
	(الموهبه) inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding
	(خرق) breaking of contract or duty

bibliography

207

	(دفن) grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground
	(الحكم الذاتي مساعدة) helper, additional or subsidiary
	(العداء) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor
	(فهرس) list of works of a specific author or publisher; list of writings relating to a given subject

bilateral

208

	(استحى) something that is hazy and indistinct to the sight or mind; dim, confused appearance; moral stain or blot
	(تعديل) change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors
	(والاضطراب) in the middle of; among; surrounded by
	(ثنائي اللغة) two-sided; mutual

bilingual

209

	(تأسلي أطلس) a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables
	(تبرعم) grow forth; send out buds; grow or develop rapidly
	(يصاحب) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting
	(ثنائي اللغة) using or able to use two languages, especially with equal or nearly equal fluency

bind

210

	(الثنائية ربط) tie, or confine with a cord, band, or chain; make fast; contract; cohere or stick together
	(بوفيه) table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set out
	(يصاحب) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting
	(الأجهزة) durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use

biography

211

	(رياضي) sports man; one who contended for prize in public games
	(السيرة الذاتية) an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life
	(طموح) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(المدفعية) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons

bitumen

212

	(صب) majority; main part; volume; mass
	(القوس) continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape
	(الثنائية ربط) tie, or confine with a cord, band, or chain; make fast; contract; cohere or stick together
	(القار) mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame

blaze

213

	(أرشيف) public records; place where public records are kept
	(الرصيف) space for ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; place to sleep or stay; appointment or job
	(البرونز) an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements
	(الحريق) brilliant burst of fire; destructive fire; flame

bleach

214

	(جنبا إلى جنب مع) along or by the side; side by side with
	(بليتش) make white or colorless; blanch
	(الصعود) upward slope or grade; movement upward
	(افرة) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large

bleak

215

	(التجديف) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable
	(الاستحمام) wash by immersion, as in a bath; subject to bath; lave; immerse or cover one's self
	(الموهبه) inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding
	(افرة) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large

blend

216

	(حجية) not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy
	(ولو) even though; although; notwithstanding
	(تغلي) be agitated; pass from a liquid to vapor when heated; be excited with passion; heat in water
	(مزيج) combination; mixture; forming uniform mixture

blink

217

	(شاقة) demanding great effort or labor; difficult
	(المشروبات) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment
	(طرفة) shut eyes briefly; wink
	(إثارة) excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

bloc

218

	(تكتل) a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action
	(دفن) grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground
	(حادة) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
	(لطخة) spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing

bloom

219

	(بلوم) flower; blossom; best time of youth; period of greatest prosperity or productivity
	(مرساة) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate
	(تحليلية) of analysis; resolving into elements or parts
	(تكتل) a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action

blossom

220

	(تأسلي أطلس) a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables
	(طموح) ambition; longing
	(الزهرة) reproductive organ of plants, especially one having showy or colorful parts
	(تعيين) appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly

blot

221

	(الاعلان) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of
	(متنوعة) varied; miscellaneous
	(استيعاب) assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention
	(لطخة) spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing

blunder

222

	(سيارات) self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway
	(تسريع) move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected
	(خطأ) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
	(الشاذ) unusual; not typical; not normal

blunt

223

	(أرشيف) public records; place where public records are kept
	(الرابطة) approach; come near
	(حادة) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
	(مسبقا) in state of anticipation; in advance; by way of preparation

blur

224

	(استحى) something that is hazy and indistinct to the sight or mind; dim, confused appearance; moral stain or blot
	(مقبول) extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle
	(جرداء) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
	(الدروع) defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons

blush

225

	(استحى) become rosy or reddish; turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame
	(حجية) not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy
	(سمة) essential quality; reputation; honor
	(تصيب) cause pain, suffering or distress

boast

226

	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
	(محور) the center around which something rotates; pivot
	(طمس تباهى) show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride
	(حاد) quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe

boil

227

	(تغلي) be agitated; pass from a liquid to vapor when heated; be excited with passion; heat in water
	(الحضنة) think long and anxiously; be in a state of gloomy, serious thought
	(والاضطراب) in the middle of; among; surrounded by
	(تمسكا) stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with

bookcase

228

	(الجرأة) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness
	(معقوف) consisting of, relating to, or being in water
	(خزانة) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors
	(حجية) not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy

bookkeeper

229

	(محاسب) one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office
	(تمسكا) stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with
	(طمس تباهى) show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride
	(التحيز) preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way

bookstall

230

	(الكشك) stall where books are sold, as on a street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale
	(تأذن) empower; give permission for; sanction
	(بوشت) raise; advance; push or shove upward
	(مقبول) ready to consent or submit; acceptable

boost

231

	(النشرة) brief statement of facts; any public notice or announcement; a periodical publication
	(بوشت) raise; advance; push or shove upward
	(الثنائية ربط) tie, or confine with a cord, band, or chain; make fast; contract; cohere or stick together
	(أذهل) affect with wonder; surprise; shock

boundary

232

	(بوفيه) table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set out
	(متنوعة) varied; miscellaneous
	(تحليلية) of analysis; resolving into elements or parts
	(خط الحدود) dividing line; border; frontier

bounty

233

	(تعريف) inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar
	(فضل) goodness, kindness; virtue; liberality in giving
	(التدقيق) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts
	(استيعاب) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for

bouquet

234

	(ازدهار) able to float; cheerful and optimistic
	(انفراجه) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(مركز البحوث الزراعية معماري) one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures
	(باقة) small cluster or arrangement of flowers; an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present

bowel

235

	(خط الحدود) dividing line; border; frontier
	(الأمعاء) a part or division of intestine; interior of something; any internal organ of the body, as the stomach, liver, brain
	(حجية) perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear
	(جدوى) turn to advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote

boycott

236

	(محاسب) one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office
	(السلبية) in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
	(مقاطعة) refrain from buying or using
	(الإستقلالية) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

brace

237

	(الزهرة) reproductive organ of plants, especially one having showy or colorful parts
	(خزانة) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors
	(قوس) something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod;
	(بتوقع) act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

brake

238

	(مقايضة) trade goods or services without the exchange of money
	(الفرامل) a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction
	(العجين) beat with successive blows; beat repeatedly and with violence
	(إرباك) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of

brashness

239

	(يؤكدان) assert; confirm
	(ضمادة) strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds
	(الجرأة) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness
	(أذهل) affect with wonder; surprise; shock

breach

240

	(بلوم) flower; blossom; best time of youth; period of greatest prosperity or productivity
	(ربطة) packet; a package of things tied together; a large sum of money
	(خرق) breaking of contract or duty
	(التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

breakthrough

241

	(شاقة) demanding great effort or labor; difficult
	(انفراجه) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(يذهل) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes
	(تعيين) appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly

breed

242

	(تولد) raise; produce offspring; give birth to or hatch; mate
	(ارتفاع) elevation especially above sea level; height
	(كتيب) pamphlet; small book usually having paper cover
	(الجوي) of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air

brew

243

	(المشروب) boil or seethe; cook; be in a state of preparation; be mixing, forming, or gathering
	(خزانة) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors
	(جنبا إلى جنب مع) along or by the side; side by side with
	(ذخيرة) military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells

brink

244

	(برينك) edge, margin, or border of a steep place verge
	(الانهيار) great mass of falling snow and ice
	(يطمح) seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end
	(الحضور) act of being present

brisk

245

	(مسبقا) in state of anticipation; in advance; by way of preparation
	(البدل) approval; act of allowing, granting, or admitting
	(نتوء) cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude
	(انتعش) marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner

brochure

246

	(أذهل) affect with wonder; surprise; shock
	(محور) the center around which something rotates; pivot
	(كتيب) pamphlet; small book usually having paper cover
	(إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill

bronze

247

	(وسط) amid; in the middle of; among
	(السكان الأصليين) being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native
	(اشادة) applaud; announce with great approval
	(البرونز) an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements

brood

248

	(الحضنة) think long and anxiously; be in a state of gloomy, serious thought
	(التقييم الشاملان) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
	(خزانة) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors
	(حظر) official prohibition; decree that prohibits something

browse

249

	(تصفح) graze; skim or glance at casually
	(جرداء) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
	(ترفق) fasten; annex; be in contact with
	(تسريع) move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected

bruise

250

	(مقاطعة) refrain from buying or using
	(تأسلي أطلس) a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables
	(كدمة) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists
	(الاعلان) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of

buckle

251

	(الرابطة) approach; come near
	(معدومة) pile up; collect; mount up; increase
	(العداء) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor
	(مهدها) fold or collapse; bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat

buffet

252

	(بليتش) make white or colorless; blanch
	(المشروب) boil or seethe; cook; be in a state of preparation; be mixing, forming, or gathering
	(التأكد) find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of
	(بوفيه) table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set out

bulb

253

	(المتهم) one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault
	(التعسفي) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
	(لمبة) rounded part of a cylindrical structure; electric lamp consisting of a glass ball
	(مجيء) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

bulge

254

	(فراشة) insect typically having a slender body with broad colorful wings
	(نتوء) cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude
	(التأكد) find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of
	(امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

bulk

255

	(حجية) having weight of authority; peremptory and dictatorial
	(ربطة) packet; a package of things tied together; a large sum of money
	(مأدبة) feast; entertainment of eating and drinking
	(صب) majority; main part; volume; mass

bulletin

256

	(اشادة) applaud; announce with great approval
	(طموح) ambition; longing
	(السيرة الذاتية) an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life
	(النشرة) brief statement of facts; any public notice or announcement; a periodical publication

bumper

257

	(الزهرة) reproductive organ of plants, especially one having showy or colorful parts
	(اقية) something as bars at edges to absorb shock and prevent serious damage
	(تضخيم) broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase
	(إثارة) excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

bundle

258

	(تعديل) change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors
	(ربطة) packet; a package of things tied together; a large sum of money
	(والاضطراب) in the middle of; among; surrounded by
	(تجاور) be next to; be contiguous to; border on

bungalow

259

	(العجين) beat with successive blows; beat repeatedly and with violence
	(طابق واحد) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic
	(مهدها) fold or collapse; bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat
	(الوفرة) great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing

buoyant

260

	(مركز البحوث الزراعية معماري) one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures
	(ربطة) packet; a package of things tied together; a large sum of money
	(البرونز) an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements
	(ازدهار) able to float; cheerful and optimistic

bureaucracy

261

	(بيروقراطية) over-regulated administrative system
	(مقبول) extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle
	(ضمادة) strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds
	(التدقيق) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts

burgeon

262

	(دفن) grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground
	(لمبة) rounded part of a cylindrical structure; electric lamp consisting of a glass ball
	(ازدهار) able to float; cheerful and optimistic
	(تبرعم) grow forth; send out buds; grow or develop rapidly

burial

263

	(حجية) perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear
	(دفن) grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground
	(الأجهزة) durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use
	(التدقيق) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts

burrow

264

	(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
	(بورو) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging
	(الأمعاء) a part or division of intestine; interior of something; any internal organ of the body, as the stomach, liver, brain
	(خط الحدود) dividing line; border; frontier

bustle

265

	(صخب) move or cause to move energetically and busily; teem
	(العداء) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor
	(ضمان) promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt
	(تجاور) be next to; be contiguous to; border on

butcher

266

	(جزار) one whose job is to kill animals for food; one who kills in large numbers, or with unusual cruelty; vendor, especially on train or in theater
	(معدومة) pile up; collect; mount up; increase
	(انفراجه) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(القاعة) area of theater or concert hall where audience sits

butterfly

267

	(إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill
	(الخيزران) plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries
	(زيادة) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
	(فراشة) insect typically having a slender body with broad colorful wings

bypass

268

	(تخصيص) parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot
	(المناوب) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute
	(البرمائيات) able to live both on land and in water
	(تجاوز) channel used to conduct gas or liquid around another pipe or a fixture; conductor having low resistance in parallel

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