PTE Word List for Academic| Match Practice in Vietnamese

PTE for Academic Words

Group (A B) - Matching Quizzes

abbreviation

	(viết tắt) shortening something by omitting parts of it
	(xác thực) not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy
	(tuân thủ) stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with
	(người tố cáo) one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault

abnormal

	(độc đoán) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
	(bungalow) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic
	(bất thường) unusual; not typical; not normal
	(trao đổi) trade goods or services without the exchange of money

abolish

	(cùng) along or by the side; side by side with
	(tổng hợp) gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to
	(neo) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate
	(không nhận bãi bỏ) cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

aboriginal

	(tuyển tập) book of literary selections by various authors
	(thổ dân) being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native
	(lắp ráp) put together; bring or call together into a group or whole
	(cùn) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive

abort

	(hủy bỏ) stop; terminate before completion; terminate a pregnancy
	(trước) in state of anticipation; in advance; by way of preparation
	(ruột) a part or division of intestine; interior of something; any internal organ of the body, as the stomach, liver, brain
	(đối kháng) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

abound

	(rất nhiều) be full of; be plentiful
	(bản đồ) a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables
	(phát sinh) come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action
	(thiên vị) preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way

abrasion

	(rất nhiều) be full of; be plentiful
	(Sửa đổi) change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors
	(đạt) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill
	(mài mòn) scratch; friction

abridge

	(hạn chế một) condense; shorten; reduce length of written text
	(vi khuẩn) single celled organism with no nucleus
	(ảm đạm) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable
	(số lượng lớn) majority; main part; volume; mass

abrupt

	(phân tích) of analysis; resolving into elements or parts
	(ngạc nhiên) astonish; affect with wonder
	(đột ngột) broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another
	(tập sự) works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner

absorb

	(hấp thụ) assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention
	(đột phá) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(ám sát) act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack
	(ban) official prohibition; decree that prohibits something

abstract

	(bố mẹ) think long and anxiously; be in a state of gloomy, serious thought
	(chú) fasten; annex; be in contact with
	(trừu tượng) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand
	(bất thường) unusual; not typical; not normal

abundance

	(tre) plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries
	(ngạc nhiên) astonish; affect with wonder
	(phong phú) great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing
	(ca ngợi) applaud; announce with great approval

accelerate

	(bao vây) attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in
	(nhựa đường) mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame
	(tăng tốc) move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected
	(tự chủ) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

accessory

	(Phụ kiện) additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item
	(làm phiền) disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate
	(hồ quang) continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape
	(leo) upward slope or grade; movement upward

acclaim

	(nghiệp dư) nonprofessional; lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art
	(bookstall) stall where books are sold, as on a street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale
	(Nam Cực) opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it
	(ca ngợi) applaud; announce with great approval

accommodate

	(khao khát) seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end
	(phù hợp) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for
	(tị nạn) place of refuge or shelter; protection
	(phù) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states

accommodation

	(nhà ở) living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience
	(hoa) flower; blossom; best time of youth; period of greatest prosperity or productivity
	(thư mục) list of works of a specific author or publisher; list of writings relating to a given subject
	(blot) spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing

accompany

	(cùng) travel with; be associated with
	(đồng) an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements
	(pha trộn) combination; mixture; forming uniform mixture
	(trung thành) loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion

accord

	(phù) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states
	(hủy bỏ) stop; terminate before completion; terminate a pregnancy
	(tài sản) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
	(hàng loạt) quantity of bread baked at one time; a collection of things or persons to be handled together

accountable

	(Kế toán) liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained
	(bóng) rounded part of a cylindrical structure; electric lamp consisting of a glass ball
	(viết tắt) shortening something by omitting parts of it
	(nhập học) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter

accumulate

	(làm quen) inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar
	(khoe khoang) show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride
	(trục) the center around which something rotates; pivot
	(trách nhiệm tích lũy) pile up; collect; mount up; increase

accuser

	(thiên văn học) branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and universe as a whole
	(cùn) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
	(lên) climb; mount
	(người tố cáo) one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault

achieve

	(tương tự) similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity
	(đạt) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill
	(tự động hóa) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls
	(pháo) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons

acquaint

	(đạt) achieve or accomplish; gain
	(làm quen) inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar
	(dù) even though; although; notwithstanding
	(độc đoán) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle

acquire

	(nhập học) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter
	(mua) gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with tracking system
	(giai thoại) short account of amusing or interesting event; short narrative; secret story of history or biography
	(đáng) considerable; perceptible

acquisition

	(tăng) raise; advance; push or shove upward
	(ám sát) act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack
	(mua) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
	(vận động viên) sports man; one who contended for prize in public games

activate

	(kích hoạt) make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive
	(hàng không) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics
	(băng) strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds
	(thêm) attach; add as supplement or appendix

acute

	(allot) parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot
	(cấp) quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe
	(tre) plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries
	(kiểm toán) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts

adapt

	(thích ứng) make fit for; change to suit a new purpose
	(đơn) candidate
	(khuếch đại) broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase
	(vết bầm tím) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists

addict

	(nghiện) cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to
	(khẳng định) assert; confirm
	(khẳng định) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
	(phiếu) printed or written ticket used in voting; act of voting; whole number of votes cast at an election

adept

	(xin lỗi) offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense
	(tự chủ) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination
	(chuyên nghiệp) expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
	(tổ tiên) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor

adequate

	(brashness) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness
	(mua) gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with tracking system
	(đầy đủ) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose
	(trường) playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments

adhere

	(tham vọng) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(đọt non) grow forth; send out buds; grow or develop rapidly
	(phình) cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude
	(tuân thủ) stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with

adjacent

	(Phụ kiện) additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item
	(hang) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging
	(trao đổi) trade goods or services without the exchange of money
	(lân cận) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

adjoin

	(xác định) find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of
	(phụ hợp) be next to; be contiguous to; border on
	(tập sự) works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner
	(chướng ngại vật) hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle

administer

	(quản trị) govern; supervise; give or apply medications
	(bóng) rounded part of a cylindrical structure; electric lamp consisting of a glass ball
	(độc đoán) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
	(Tài liệu) pamphlet; small book usually having paper cover

administrate

	(chướng ngại vật) hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle
	(quản trị) administer; supply; supervise or be in charge of
	(chú) fasten; annex; be in contact with
	(chuyên nghiệp) expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

admission

	(nhập học) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter
	(tự chủ) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination
	(bó) small cluster or arrangement of flowers; an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present
	(hàng không) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics

adolescence

	(niên thiếu) state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity
	(tài sản) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
	(hang) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging
	(phân tích) resolve anything complex into its elements; separate into parts for purpose of examination of each separately

advent

	(giao) assign; distribute according to plan
	(kiến trúc) any part of a curved line
	(đời) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important
	(mài mòn) scratch; friction

adverse

	(thiên vị) preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way
	(hoa) reproductive organ of plants, especially one having showy or colorful parts
	(bất lợi) in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
	(dù) even though; although; notwithstanding

advertise

	(tương tự) similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity
	(quảng cáo) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of
	(tẩy chay) refrain from buying or using
	(mai táng) grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground

advocate

	(biện hộ) speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something
	(tẩy chay) refrain from buying or using
	(hoan nghênh) acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands
	(phụ hợp) be next to; be contiguous to; border on

aerial

	(đồng) an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements
	(thuốc tẩy) make white or colorless; blanch
	(trên không) of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air
	(trường) playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments

aesthetic

	(rõ) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
	(thư mục) list of works of a specific author or publisher; list of writings relating to a given subject
	(thẩm mỹ) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste
	(mai táng) grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground

affiliate

	(mài mòn) scratch; friction
	(giả định) something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of
	(liên kết) associate; incorporate
	(cầu lông) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets

affirm

	(tác giả) beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer
	(trục) the center around which something rotates; pivot
	(cùn) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
	(khẳng định) assert; confirm

affix

	(đóng) fasten; append; add on; secure to something
	(phá sản) penniless, without any money; financially ruined
	(quản trị) administer; supply; supervise or be in charge of
	(tài sản) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality

afflict

	(blot) spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing
	(ức hiếp) cause pain, suffering or distress
	(thiết bị) durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use
	(tự chủ) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

aggregate

	(dễ chịu) ready to consent or submit; acceptable
	(tổng hợp) gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to
	(Nam Cực) opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it
	(mơ hồ) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

agitation

	(khát vọng) ambition; longing
	(ngạc nhiên) astonish; affect with wonder
	(kích động) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance
	(ranh giới) dividing line; border; frontier

agony

	(đọt non) grow forth; send out buds; grow or develop rapidly
	(bóng) rounded part of a cylindrical structure; electric lamp consisting of a glass ball
	(khổ) extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle
	(đóng) fasten; append; add on; secure to something

agreeable

	(lưu trữ) public records; place where public records are kept
	(cùng) along or by the side; side by side with
	(hồ) tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals
	(dễ chịu) ready to consent or submit; acceptable

airing

	(phát sóng) exposure to air for freshening or drying; exposure to public attention; radio or television broadcast
	(Tài liệu) pamphlet; small book usually having paper cover
	(thẩm quyền) having weight of authority; peremptory and dictatorial
	(dự đoán) something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence

albeit

	(mờ) something that is hazy and indistinct to the sight or mind; dim, confused appearance; moral stain or blot
	(phanh) a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction
	(giảm) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part
	(dù) even though; although; notwithstanding

alienate

	(nẹp) something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod;
	(lên) climb; mount
	(xin lỗi) offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense
	(xa lánh) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally

allege

	(ô tô) self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway
	(bất lợi) in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
	(Sửa đổi) change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors
	(tố cáo) state without proof; assert to be true

allegiance

	(phụ) helper, additional or subsidiary
	(phụ hợp) be next to; be contiguous to; border on
	(thiết bị) durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use
	(trung thành) loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion

alleviate

	(tài sản) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
	(hàng không) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics
	(giảm) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part
	(quảng cáo) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of

allocate

	(thuộc tính) essential quality; reputation; honor
	(đánh thức) excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep
	(giao) assign; distribute according to plan
	(ảm đạm) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable

allot

	(allot) parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot
	(thẩm mỹ) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste
	(thuộc tính) essential quality; reputation; honor
	(dễ chịu) ready to consent or submit; acceptable

allowance

	(thiên văn học) branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and universe as a whole
	(quảng cáo) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of
	(khuếch đại) broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase
	(phụ cấp) approval; act of allowing, granting, or admitting

alloy

	(đánh thức) excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep
	(hợp kim) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate
	(độ cao) elevation especially above sea level; height
	(kiến trúc) any part of a curved line

alongside

	(đảm bảo) promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt
	(cùng) along or by the side; side by side with
	(các loại) varied; miscellaneous
	(trung thành) loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion

alphabetical

	(lên) climb; mount
	(thứ tự chữ cái) arranged in customary order of the letters of a language
	(lân cận) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near
	(không nhận bãi bỏ) cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

alter

	(gán) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
	(hang) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging
	(hợp kim) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate
	(thay đổi) modify; cause to change; make different; convert

alternate

	(mảng) set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement
	(thay thế) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute
	(thiên vị) preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way
	(phù) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states

altitude

	(cổ) no longer current or applicable; antiquated
	(tố cáo) state without proof; assert to be true
	(không nhận bãi bỏ) cancel; put an end to; destroy completely
	(độ cao) elevation especially above sea level; height

amateur

	(giáp) defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons
	(thính) area of theater or concert hall where audience sits
	(nghiệp dư) nonprofessional; lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art
	(tre) plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries

amaze

	(bất lợi) in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
	(lên) climb; mount
	(ngạc nhiên) astonish; affect with wonder
	(dễ chịu) ready to consent or submit; acceptable

ambiguity

	(vết bầm tím) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists
	(thẩm định) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
	(mơ hồ) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty
	(cùng) travel with; be associated with

ambiguous

	(các loại) varied; miscellaneous
	(thẩm mỹ) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste
	(mơ hồ) unclear or doubtful in meaning
	(liên kết) associate; incorporate

ambitious

	(tị nạn) place of refuge or shelter; protection
	(trung thành) loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion
	(tham vọng) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(thủy sản) consisting of, relating to, or being in water

amend

	(Sửa đổi) change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors
	(cầu lông) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets
	(tham vọng) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(đóng) fasten; append; add on; secure to something

amends

	(hạn chế một) condense; shorten; reduce length of written text
	(niên kim) annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year
	(phong phú) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large
	(sửa đổi) compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation

amid

	(thẩm quyền) having weight of authority; peremptory and dictatorial
	(thẩm định) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
	(giữa) in the middle of; among; surrounded by
	(mỹ) one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments

amidst

	(giữa) amid; in the middle of; among
	(khổ) extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle
	(trên không) of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air
	(Nam Cực) opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it

ammunition

	(xa lánh) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally
	(tiện nghi đạn dược) military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells
	(tủ sách) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors
	(bó) small cluster or arrangement of flowers; an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present

amphibian

	(lưỡng cư) able to live both on land and in water
	(quảng cáo) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of
	(cầu lông) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets
	(mơ hồ) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

ample

	(trái nghĩa) word of opposite meaning; counter term
	(phong phú) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large
	(ban) official prohibition; decree that prohibits something
	(xa lánh) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally

amplify

	(khuếch đại) broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase
	(dễ chịu) ready to consent or submit; acceptable
	(độ cao) elevation especially above sea level; height
	(aptitude) inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding

amuse

	(trục xuất) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel
	(giải trí) occupy in an agreeable, pleasing, or entertaining fashion; cause laughter or be funny; delude or deceive
	(lên) climb; mount
	(Tài liệu) pamphlet; small book usually having paper cover

analogy

	(tương tự) similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity
	(leo) upward slope or grade; movement upward
	(dù) even though; although; notwithstanding
	(khát vọng) ambition; longing

analyse

	(tài sản) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
	(rào) obstacle; structure built to bar passage; boundary or limit
	(phù) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states
	(phân tích) resolve anything complex into its elements; separate into parts for purpose of examination of each separately

analytical

	(tuyển tập) book of literary selections by various authors
	(tài sản) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
	(phân tích) of analysis; resolving into elements or parts
	(rào) obstacle; structure built to bar passage; boundary or limit

ancestor

	(mỹ) one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments
	(tổ tiên) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor
	(vi khuẩn) single celled organism with no nucleus
	(thêm) attach; add as supplement or appendix

anchor

	(neo) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate
	(lợi) helpful; tending to promote physical well-being
	(trung thành) loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion
	(mai táng) grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground

anecdote

	(ám sát) act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack
	(giai thoại) short account of amusing or interesting event; short narrative; secret story of history or biography
	(hồ) tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals
	(cấp) quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe

annihilate

	(tiêu diệt) destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence
	(người tố cáo) one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault
	(sôi) be agitated; pass from a liquid to vapor when heated; be excited with passion; heat in water
	(băng) strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds

annoy

	(xác thực) not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy
	(thẩm quyền) having weight of authority; peremptory and dictatorial
	(bao vây) attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in
	(làm phiền) disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate

annuity

	(niên kim) annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year
	(tự động) mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control
	(mua) gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with tracking system
	(nhập học) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter

antagonism

	(hạn chế một) condense; shorten; reduce length of written text
	(ám sát) act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack
	(đối kháng) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor
	(thích ứng) make fit for; change to suit a new purpose

antarctic

	(trách nhiệm tích lũy) pile up; collect; mount up; increase
	(bộ máy) a group of parts that work together to perform given function; appliance or device for particular purpose
	(Nam Cực) opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it
	(giải trí) occupy in an agreeable, pleasing, or entertaining fashion; cause laughter or be funny; delude or deceive

anthem

	(phong phú) great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing
	(ca) song of praise or patriotism; song of devotion or loyalty
	(chưng hửng) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes
	(niên thiếu) state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity

anthology

	(bản đồ) a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables
	(tuyển tập) book of literary selections by various authors
	(duyệt) graze; skim or glance at casually
	(viết tắt) shortening something by omitting parts of it

anthropology

	(nhân chủng học) social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings
	(độc đoán) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
	(hăng hái) displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate
	(đáng) considerable; perceptible

antibiotic

	(phụ lục) something appended or added
	(kháng sinh) of or relating to chemical substance that kills microorganisms and cures infections
	(đạt) achieve or accomplish; gain
	(trục xuất) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel

anticipate

	(khát vọng) ambition; longing
	(dự đoán) act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict
	(dù) even though; although; notwithstanding
	(tập sự) works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner

anticipation

	(thay đổi) modify; cause to change; make different; convert
	(bó) small cluster or arrangement of flowers; an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present
	(tổng hợp) gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to
	(dự đoán) something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence

antonym

100

	(tuân thủ) stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with
	(quảng cáo) give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of
	(hang) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging
	(trái nghĩa) word of opposite meaning; counter term

apologetic

101

	(lắp ráp) put together; bring or call together into a group or whole
	(bó) small cluster or arrangement of flowers; an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present
	(pha) boil or seethe; cook; be in a state of preparation; be mixing, forming, or gathering
	(xin lỗi) offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

apparatus

102

	(bộ máy) a group of parts that work together to perform given function; appliance or device for particular purpose
	(giai thoại) short account of amusing or interesting event; short narrative; secret story of history or biography
	(hồ quang) continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape
	(blot) spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing

apparent

103

	(ban) official prohibition; decree that prohibits something
	(thay thế) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute
	(rõ ràng) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye
	(cấp) quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe

append

104

	(giao) appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly
	(thêm) attach; add as supplement or appendix
	(ranh giới) dividing line; border; frontier
	(trên không) of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air

appendix

105

	(số lượng lớn) majority; main part; volume; mass
	(trừu tượng) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand
	(phân tích) of analysis; resolving into elements or parts
	(phụ lục) something appended or added

applaud

106

	(hoan nghênh) acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands
	(rào) obstacle; structure built to bar passage; boundary or limit
	(đám cháy) brilliant burst of fire; destructive fire; flame
	(khóa) fold or collapse; bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat

appliance

107

	(khẳng định) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
	(thiết bị) durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use
	(mỹ) one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments
	(phụ) helper, additional or subsidiary

applicant

108

	(trên không) of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air
	(chướng ngại vật) hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle
	(chuyên nghiệp) expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
	(đơn) candidate

appraisal

109

	(khóa) fold or collapse; bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat
	(thẩm định) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
	(gán) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
	(thẩm mỹ) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste

appreciable

110

	(nhân viên kế toán) one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office
	(nhập học) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter
	(nhân tạo) made by humans; produced rather than natural.
	(đáng) considerable; perceptible

apprentice

111

	(tập sự) works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner
	(bố mẹ) think long and anxiously; be in a state of gloomy, serious thought
	(mơ hồ) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty
	(hợp kim) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

approximate

112

	(thay đổi) modify; cause to change; make different; convert
	(kháng sinh) of or relating to chemical substance that kills microorganisms and cures infections
	(gần) approach; come near
	(cùng) travel with; be associated with

apt

113

	(apt) likely; exactly suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand
	(Tài liệu) pamphlet; small book usually having paper cover
	(allot) parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot
	(bờ vực) edge, margin, or border of a steep place verge

aptitude

114

	(thích ứng) make fit for; change to suit a new purpose
	(phù) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states
	(aptitude) inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding
	(phụ lục) something appended or added

aquarium

115

	(mài mòn) scratch; friction
	(rõ) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
	(hồ) tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals
	(quản trị) govern; supervise; give or apply medications

aquatic

116

	(thứ tự chữ cái) arranged in customary order of the letters of a language
	(duyệt) graze; skim or glance at casually
	(đập) beat with successive blows; beat repeatedly and with violence
	(thủy sản) consisting of, relating to, or being in water

arbitrary

117

	(phát sóng) exposure to air for freshening or drying; exposure to public attention; radio or television broadcast
	(dự đoán) act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict
	(độc đoán) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
	(mài mòn) scratch; friction

arc

118

	(bội) something as bars at edges to absorb shock and prevent serious damage
	(hồ quang) continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape
	(mờ) something that is hazy and indistinct to the sight or mind; dim, confused appearance; moral stain or blot
	(phù) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states

arch

119

	(kiến trúc) any part of a curved line
	(nhanh) marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner
	(nhà ở) living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience
	(trục xuất) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel

archaic

120

	(tự động) replace or enhance human labor with machines
	(cổ) no longer current or applicable; antiquated
	(phanh) a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction
	(hoa) flower; blossom; best time of youth; period of greatest prosperity or productivity

architect

121

	(phân tích) resolve anything complex into its elements; separate into parts for purpose of examination of each separately
	(thức uống) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment
	(phụ) helper, additional or subsidiary
	(Kiến trúc sư) one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures

archives

122

	(giữa) in the middle of; among; surrounded by
	(viết tắt) shortening something by omitting parts of it
	(lưu trữ) public records; place where public records are kept
	(bố mẹ) think long and anxiously; be in a state of gloomy, serious thought

ardent

123

	(hăng hái) displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate
	(đột phá) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(đạt) achieve or accomplish; gain
	(khổ) extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle

arduous

124

	(gian nan) demanding great effort or labor; difficult
	(xa lánh) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally
	(vi phạm) breaking of contract or duty
	(Kế toán) liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained

arena

125

	(tủ sách) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors
	(đỏ) become rosy or reddish; turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame
	(hồ quang) continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape
	(trường) playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments

arise

126

	(lắp ráp) put together; bring or call together into a group or whole
	(nhập học) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter
	(phát sinh) come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action
	(tẩy chay) refrain from buying or using

armour

127

	(gian nan) demanding great effort or labor; difficult
	(tăng) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
	(hạt) small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood, that is pierced for stringing
	(giáp) defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons

arouse

128

	(đánh thức) excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep
	(gian nan) demanding great effort or labor; difficult
	(phân tích) resolve anything complex into its elements; separate into parts for purpose of examination of each separately
	(giữa) amid; in the middle of; among

array

129

	(mảng) set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement
	(hàng loạt) quantity of bread baked at one time; a collection of things or persons to be handled together
	(vỏ) sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog
	(neo) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate

articulate

130

	(sai lầm) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
	(rõ) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
	(phụ hợp) be next to; be contiguous to; border on
	(thay thế) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute

artificial

131

	(trái nghĩa) word of opposite meaning; counter term
	(bộ máy) a group of parts that work together to perform given function; appliance or device for particular purpose
	(trục) the center around which something rotates; pivot
	(nhân tạo) made by humans; produced rather than natural.

artillery

132

	(tự chủ) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination
	(đột phá) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(pháo) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons
	(phiếu) printed or written ticket used in voting; act of voting; whole number of votes cast at an election

ascend

133

	(lưu trữ) public records; place where public records are kept
	(đánh giá) estimate value; judge worth of something
	(phình) cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude
	(lên) climb; mount

ascent

134

	(khuếch đại) broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase
	(tương tự) similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity
	(leo) upward slope or grade; movement upward
	(ủy quyền) empower; give permission for; sanction

ascertain

135

	(tiểu sử) an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life
	(ranh giới) dividing line; border; frontier
	(xác định) find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of
	(chưng hửng) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes

ascribe

136

	(Nam Cực) opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it
	(đột phá) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(quản trị) govern; supervise; give or apply medications
	(gán) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

aspect

137

	(phân tích) of analysis; resolving into elements or parts
	(khía cạnh) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind
	(song) two-sided; mutual
	(tham vọng) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

aspiration

138

	(ảm đạm) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable
	(Phụ kiện) additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item
	(thay thế) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute
	(khát vọng) ambition; longing

aspire

139

	(bao vây) attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in
	(phù hợp) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for
	(cùng) along or by the side; side by side with
	(khao khát) seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end

assassination

140

	(bỏ qua) channel used to conduct gas or liquid around another pipe or a fixture; conductor having low resistance in parallel
	(khát vọng) ambition; longing
	(ca) song of praise or patriotism; song of devotion or loyalty
	(ám sát) act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack

assemble

141

	(thác) great mass of falling snow and ice
	(trên không) of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air
	(cấp) quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe
	(lắp ráp) put together; bring or call together into a group or whole

assert

142

	(bookstall) stall where books are sold, as on a street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale
	(khẳng định) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
	(trường) playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments
	(băng) strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds

assess

143

	(bao vây) attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in
	(đánh giá) estimate value; judge worth of something
	(ruột) a part or division of intestine; interior of something; any internal organ of the body, as the stomach, liver, brain
	(cầu lông) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets

asset

144

	(lắp ráp) put together; bring or call together into a group or whole
	(nhập học) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter
	(tài sản) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
	(giao) appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly

assign

145

	(khía cạnh) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind
	(giao) appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly
	(tăng) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
	(thức uống) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment

assorted

146

	(các loại) varied; miscellaneous
	(Nam Cực) opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it
	(thiên văn học) branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and universe as a whole
	(Kế toán) liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained

assumption

147

	(hạn chế một) condense; shorten; reduce length of written text
	(giả định) something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of
	(thay đổi) modify; cause to change; make different; convert
	(thức uống) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment

assurance

148

	(phong phú) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large
	(đột phá) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(đảm bảo) promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt
	(đột ngột) broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

astound

149

	(astound) affect with wonder; surprise; shock
	(phát sóng) exposure to air for freshening or drying; exposure to public attention; radio or television broadcast
	(thay đổi) modify; cause to change; make different; convert
	(kích hoạt) make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive

astronomy

150

	(tị nạn) place of refuge or shelter; protection
	(tránh) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away
	(thiên văn học) branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and universe as a whole
	(brashness) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness

asylum

151

	(hang) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging
	(niên kim) annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year
	(tị nạn) place of refuge or shelter; protection
	(khía cạnh) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind

athlete

152

	(mờ) something that is hazy and indistinct to the sight or mind; dim, confused appearance; moral stain or blot
	(gian nan) demanding great effort or labor; difficult
	(vận động viên) sports man; one who contended for prize in public games
	(giao) appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly

atlas

153

	(bản đồ) a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables
	(phong phú) more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large
	(độ cao) elevation especially above sea level; height
	(thức uống) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment

attach

154

	(đời) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important
	(chú) fasten; annex; be in contact with
	(thẩm mỹ) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste
	(mảng) set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement

attain

155

	(đạt) achieve or accomplish; gain
	(thư mục) list of works of a specific author or publisher; list of writings relating to a given subject
	(thức uống) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment
	(đối kháng) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

attendance

156

	(ruột) a part or division of intestine; interior of something; any internal organ of the body, as the stomach, liver, brain
	(phụ lục) something appended or added
	(tự chủ) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination
	(tham gia) act of being present

attendant

157

	(tự động) replace or enhance human labor with machines
	(trách nhiệm tích lũy) pile up; collect; mount up; increase
	(lưỡng cư) able to live both on land and in water
	(giả) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting

attribute

158

	(tương tự) similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity
	(vách ngăn) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of
	(mảng) set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement
	(thuộc tính) essential quality; reputation; honor

audible

159

	(cùng) along or by the side; side by side with
	(tin) brief statement of facts; any public notice or announcement; a periodical publication
	(nghe) perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear
	(phát sinh) come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action

audit

160

	(khổ) extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle
	(tủ sách) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors
	(không nhận bãi bỏ) cancel; put an end to; destroy completely
	(kiểm toán) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts

auditorium

161

	(thính) area of theater or concert hall where audience sits
	(bao vây) attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in
	(phanh) a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction
	(hồ quang) continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

augment

162

	(khát vọng) ambition; longing
	(tổ tiên) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor
	(rào) obstacle; structure built to bar passage; boundary or limit
	(tăng) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

authentic

163

	(gần) approach; come near
	(cùng) travel with; be associated with
	(tăng) raise; advance; push or shove upward
	(xác thực) not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy

author

164

	(ruột) a part or division of intestine; interior of something; any internal organ of the body, as the stomach, liver, brain
	(phát sóng) exposure to air for freshening or drying; exposure to public attention; radio or television broadcast
	(tác giả) beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer
	(đột ngột) broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

authoritative

165

	(giao) appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly
	(thẩm quyền) having weight of authority; peremptory and dictatorial
	(rõ ràng) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye
	(gán) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

authorize

166

	(kiểm toán) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts
	(đảm bảo) promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt
	(phong phú) great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing
	(ủy quyền) empower; give permission for; sanction

automate

167

	(tự động) replace or enhance human labor with machines
	(gian nan) demanding great effort or labor; difficult
	(ca ngợi) applaud; announce with great approval
	(đời) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

automatic

168

	(duyệt) graze; skim or glance at casually
	(bản đồ) a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables
	(đọt non) grow forth; send out buds; grow or develop rapidly
	(tự động) mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control

automation

169

	(tự động hóa) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls
	(quản trị) administer; supply; supervise or be in charge of
	(tủ sách) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors
	(tổ tiên) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor

automobile

170

	(ô tô) self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway
	(mơ hồ) unclear or doubtful in meaning
	(apt) likely; exactly suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand
	(trường) playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments

autonomy

171

	(đột phá) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(đáng) considerable; perceptible
	(tự chủ) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination
	(làm quen) inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar

auxiliary

172

	(dù) even though; although; notwithstanding
	(phong vũ biểu) instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere
	(xác định) find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of
	(phụ) helper, additional or subsidiary

avail

173

	(tác giả) beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer
	(tận) turn to advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote
	(blot) spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing
	(đánh giá) estimate value; judge worth of something

avalanche

174

	(giáp) defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons
	(thác) great mass of falling snow and ice
	(mảng) set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement
	(gán) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

avert

175

	(chướng ngại vật) hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle
	(tránh) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away
	(bội) something as bars at edges to absorb shock and prevent serious damage
	(hang) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging

aviation

176

	(trừu tượng) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand
	(hàng không) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics
	(nhộn nhịp) move or cause to move energetically and busily; teem
	(tự động) mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control

axis

177

	(tiêu diệt) destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence
	(đỏ) become rosy or reddish; turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame
	(trục) the center around which something rotates; pivot
	(đầy đủ) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose

backward

178

	(chuyên nghiệp) expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
	(lạc hậu) directed to the back or rear; unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; undeveloped
	(ranh giới) dividing line; border; frontier
	(khuếch đại) broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

bacterium

179

	(phá sản) penniless, without any money; financially ruined
	(tự động) mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control
	(lắp ráp) put together; bring or call together into a group or whole
	(vi khuẩn) single celled organism with no nucleus

badminton

180

	(cầu lông) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets
	(mơ hồ) state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty
	(đạt) achieve or accomplish; gain
	(phá sản) penniless, without any money; financially ruined

baffle

181

	(thứ tự chữ cái) arranged in customary order of the letters of a language
	(vách ngăn) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of
	(bờ vực) edge, margin, or border of a steep place verge
	(sửa đổi) compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation

ballot

182

	(phiếu) printed or written ticket used in voting; act of voting; whole number of votes cast at an election
	(xin lỗi) offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense
	(hàng thịt) one whose job is to kill animals for food; one who kills in large numbers, or with unusual cruelty; vendor, especially on train or in theater
	(bộ máy) a group of parts that work together to perform given function; appliance or device for particular purpose

bamboo

183

	(tre) plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries
	(hoan nghênh) acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands
	(đời) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important
	(gian nan) demanding great effort or labor; difficult

ban

184

	(cùn) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
	(tham vọng) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(ban) official prohibition; decree that prohibits something
	(cùng) travel with; be associated with

bandage

185

	(băng) strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds
	(trước) in state of anticipation; in advance; by way of preparation
	(tương tự) similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity
	(bungalow) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic

banish

186

	(trục xuất) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel
	(hoan nghênh) acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands
	(tự động) mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control
	(đơn) candidate

bankrupt

187

	(phá sản) penniless, without any money; financially ruined
	(giả định) something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of
	(lắp ráp) put together; bring or call together into a group or whole
	(kháng sinh) of or relating to chemical substance that kills microorganisms and cures infections

banquet

188

	(tiệc) feast; entertainment of eating and drinking
	(khoe khoang) show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride
	(nhanh) marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner
	(trước) in state of anticipation; in advance; by way of preparation

bark

189

	(vỏ) sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog
	(tiêu diệt) destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence
	(tác giả) beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer
	(thuộc tính) essential quality; reputation; honor

barometer

190

	(phong vũ biểu) instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere
	(hồ) tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals
	(làm quen) inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar
	(nổi) able to float; cheerful and optimistic

barren

191

	(neo) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate
	(cằn cỗi) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
	(bungalow) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic
	(đỏ) become rosy or reddish; turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame

barricade

192

	(thẩm định) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
	(mờ) something that is hazy and indistinct to the sight or mind; dim, confused appearance; moral stain or blot
	(dễ chịu) ready to consent or submit; acceptable
	(chướng ngại vật) hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle

barrier

193

	(hang) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging
	(trên không) of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air
	(rào) obstacle; structure built to bar passage; boundary or limit
	(hàng loạt) quantity of bread baked at one time; a collection of things or persons to be handled together

barter

194

	(tự động hóa) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls
	(khẳng định) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
	(kích động) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance
	(trao đổi) trade goods or services without the exchange of money

batch

195

	(hàng loạt) quantity of bread baked at one time; a collection of things or persons to be handled together
	(hăng hái) displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate
	(mảng) set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement
	(dự đoán) act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

bathe

196

	(brashness) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness
	(tắm) wash by immersion, as in a bath; subject to bath; lave; immerse or cover one's self
	(Kiến trúc sư) one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures
	(vỏ) sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog

batter

197

	(sai lầm) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
	(phù) settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states
	(thay đổi) modify; cause to change; make different; convert
	(đập) beat with successive blows; beat repeatedly and with violence

bead

198

	(liên kết) associate; incorporate
	(hạt) small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood, that is pierced for stringing
	(hàng không) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics
	(giống) raise; produce offspring; give birth to or hatch; mate

beautician

199

	(ruột) a part or division of intestine; interior of something; any internal organ of the body, as the stomach, liver, brain
	(tẩy chay) refrain from buying or using
	(mỹ) one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments
	(pha trộn) combination; mixture; forming uniform mixture

beforehand

200

	(trước) in state of anticipation; in advance; by way of preparation
	(rất nhiều) be full of; be plentiful
	(nổi) able to float; cheerful and optimistic
	(tránh) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away

beneficial

201

	(lợi) helpful; tending to promote physical well-being
	(tiện nghi đạn dược) military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells
	(vi phạm) breaking of contract or duty
	(đánh thức) excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

berth

202

	(thổ dân) being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native
	(cầu) space for ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; place to sleep or stay; appointment or job
	(Phụ kiện) additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item
	(đáng) considerable; perceptible

beset

203

	(thức uống) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment
	(bờ vực) edge, margin, or border of a steep place verge
	(phù hợp) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for
	(bao vây) attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in

beverage

204

	(nghe) perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear
	(lạc hậu) directed to the back or rear; unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; undeveloped
	(đồng) an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements
	(thức uống) liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment

bewilder

205

	(đánh thức) excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep
	(đỏ) become rosy or reddish; turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame
	(pha trộn) combination; mixture; forming uniform mixture
	(chưng hửng) lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes

bias

206

	(hang) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging
	(thiên vị) preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way
	(ranh giới) dividing line; border; frontier
	(tổng hợp) gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

bibliography

207

	(thư mục) list of works of a specific author or publisher; list of writings relating to a given subject
	(Kiến trúc sư) one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures
	(mài mòn) scratch; friction
	(lên) climb; mount

bilateral

208

	(song) two-sided; mutual
	(giữa) in the middle of; among; surrounded by
	(pháo) large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; branch of army in use of large weapons
	(tị nạn) place of refuge or shelter; protection

bilingual

209

	(cùng) travel with; be associated with
	(đỏ) become rosy or reddish; turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame
	(cùng) along or by the side; side by side with
	(song ngữ) using or able to use two languages, especially with equal or nearly equal fluency

bind

210

	(lưu trữ) public records; place where public records are kept
	(liên kết) tie, or confine with a cord, band, or chain; make fast; contract; cohere or stick together
	(phụ) helper, additional or subsidiary
	(brashness) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness

biography

211

	(allot) parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot
	(tiểu sử) an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life
	(hạn chế một) condense; shorten; reduce length of written text
	(nhấp nháy) shut eyes briefly; wink

bitumen

212

	(thính) area of theater or concert hall where audience sits
	(hạt) small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood, that is pierced for stringing
	(phụ lục) something appended or added
	(nhựa đường) mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame

blaze

213

	(tham vọng) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(thính) area of theater or concert hall where audience sits
	(đám cháy) brilliant burst of fire; destructive fire; flame
	(khao khát) seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end

bleach

214

	(đảm bảo) promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt
	(trục xuất) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel
	(thuốc tẩy) make white or colorless; blanch
	(bungalow) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic

bleak

215

	(ảm đạm) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable
	(thuốc tẩy) make white or colorless; blanch
	(quan liêu) over-regulated administrative system
	(chuyên nghiệp) expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

blend

216

	(bướm) insect typically having a slender body with broad colorful wings
	(pha trộn) combination; mixture; forming uniform mixture
	(làm quen) inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar
	(quan liêu) over-regulated administrative system

blink

217

	(thuộc tính) essential quality; reputation; honor
	(nhấp nháy) shut eyes briefly; wink
	(bộ máy) a group of parts that work together to perform given function; appliance or device for particular purpose
	(bỏ qua) channel used to conduct gas or liquid around another pipe or a fixture; conductor having low resistance in parallel

bloc

218

	(hăng hái) displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate
	(khối) a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action
	(trái nghĩa) word of opposite meaning; counter term
	(thích ứng) make fit for; change to suit a new purpose

bloom

219

	(rất nhiều) be full of; be plentiful
	(hoa) flower; blossom; best time of youth; period of greatest prosperity or productivity
	(thuốc tẩy) make white or colorless; blanch
	(đột ngột) broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

blossom

220

	(cầu) space for ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; place to sleep or stay; appointment or job
	(nhựa đường) mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame
	(hoa) reproductive organ of plants, especially one having showy or colorful parts
	(cùn) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive

blot

221

	(blot) spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing
	(kiểm toán) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts
	(người tố cáo) one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault
	(tắm) wash by immersion, as in a bath; subject to bath; lave; immerse or cover one's self

blunder

222

	(xa lánh) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally
	(sai lầm) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
	(quan liêu) over-regulated administrative system
	(mua) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

blunt

223

	(lưỡng cư) able to live both on land and in water
	(khẳng định) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
	(cùn) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
	(song ngữ) using or able to use two languages, especially with equal or nearly equal fluency

blur

224

	(mờ) something that is hazy and indistinct to the sight or mind; dim, confused appearance; moral stain or blot
	(nhập học) act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter
	(khóa) fold or collapse; bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat
	(bất thường) unusual; not typical; not normal

blush

225

	(đạt) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill
	(bungalow) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic
	(hang) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging
	(đỏ) become rosy or reddish; turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame

boast

226

	(khoe khoang) show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride
	(giả) aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting
	(hồ quang) continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape
	(khía cạnh) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind

boil

227

	(xa lánh) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally
	(tiệc) feast; entertainment of eating and drinking
	(sôi) be agitated; pass from a liquid to vapor when heated; be excited with passion; heat in water
	(Tài liệu) pamphlet; small book usually having paper cover

bookcase

228

	(tủ sách) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors
	(cầu lông) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets
	(tắm) wash by immersion, as in a bath; subject to bath; lave; immerse or cover one's self
	(người tố cáo) one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault

bookkeeper

229

	(nhân viên kế toán) one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office
	(đời) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important
	(cầu lông) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets
	(thuộc tính) essential quality; reputation; honor

bookstall

230

	(bookstall) stall where books are sold, as on a street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale
	(giáp) defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons
	(tập sự) works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner
	(hoan nghênh) acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

boost

231

	(ca) song of praise or patriotism; song of devotion or loyalty
	(trục xuất) drive out; drive away; compel to depart; dispel
	(tham vọng) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(tăng) raise; advance; push or shove upward

boundary

232

	(biện hộ) speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something
	(Kế toán) liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained
	(ranh giới) dividing line; border; frontier
	(tiêu diệt) destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

bounty

233

	(ám sát) act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack
	(quan liêu) over-regulated administrative system
	(bounty) goodness, kindness; virtue; liberality in giving
	(hăng hái) displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

bouquet

234

	(đạt) achieve or accomplish; gain
	(lên) climb; mount
	(bó) small cluster or arrangement of flowers; an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present
	(bố mẹ) think long and anxiously; be in a state of gloomy, serious thought

bowel

235

	(gần) approach; come near
	(không nhận bãi bỏ) cancel; put an end to; destroy completely
	(aptitude) inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding
	(ruột) a part or division of intestine; interior of something; any internal organ of the body, as the stomach, liver, brain

boycott

236

	(cằn cỗi) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
	(kích động) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance
	(phanh) a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction
	(tẩy chay) refrain from buying or using

brace

237

	(nẹp) something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod;
	(phụ lục) something appended or added
	(phiếu) printed or written ticket used in voting; act of voting; whole number of votes cast at an election
	(tăng tốc) move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected

brake

238

	(xa lánh) cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally
	(phanh) a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction
	(thêm) attach; add as supplement or appendix
	(nhấp nháy) shut eyes briefly; wink

brashness

239

	(khát vọng) ambition; longing
	(brashness) characteristic of being brash; trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness
	(giữa) amid; in the middle of; among
	(thẩm định) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

breach

240

	(rõ ràng) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye
	(hàng không) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics
	(vi phạm) breaking of contract or duty
	(rõ) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language

breakthrough

241

	(ban) official prohibition; decree that prohibits something
	(thay thế) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute
	(đột phá) act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
	(nhựa đường) mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame

breed

242

	(thác) great mass of falling snow and ice
	(cầu lông) game played on a court with light long-handled rackets
	(dự đoán) act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict
	(giống) raise; produce offspring; give birth to or hatch; mate

brew

243

	(thẩm quyền) having weight of authority; peremptory and dictatorial
	(pha) boil or seethe; cook; be in a state of preparation; be mixing, forming, or gathering
	(đám cháy) brilliant burst of fire; destructive fire; flame
	(vết bầm tím) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists

brink

244

	(không nhận bãi bỏ) cancel; put an end to; destroy completely
	(thích ứng) make fit for; change to suit a new purpose
	(cùng) along or by the side; side by side with
	(bờ vực) edge, margin, or border of a steep place verge

brisk

245

	(nhanh) marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner
	(ban) official prohibition; decree that prohibits something
	(kiến trúc) any part of a curved line
	(hăng hái) displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

brochure

246

	(hủy bỏ) stop; terminate before completion; terminate a pregnancy
	(Tài liệu) pamphlet; small book usually having paper cover
	(đồng) an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements
	(tắm) wash by immersion, as in a bath; subject to bath; lave; immerse or cover one's self

bronze

247

	(tăng) raise; advance; push or shove upward
	(hoa) flower; blossom; best time of youth; period of greatest prosperity or productivity
	(cổ) no longer current or applicable; antiquated
	(đồng) an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements

brood

248

	(bố mẹ) think long and anxiously; be in a state of gloomy, serious thought
	(lắp ráp) put together; bring or call together into a group or whole
	(mảng) set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement
	(giải trí) occupy in an agreeable, pleasing, or entertaining fashion; cause laughter or be funny; delude or deceive

browse

249

	(trước) in state of anticipation; in advance; by way of preparation
	(duyệt) graze; skim or glance at casually
	(bao vây) attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in
	(kiểm toán) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts

bruise

250

	(trừu tượng) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand
	(Kiến trúc sư) one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures
	(vết bầm tím) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists
	(tự động hóa) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls

buckle

251

	(khóa) fold or collapse; bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat
	(bó) small cluster or arrangement of flowers; an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present
	(nhanh) marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner
	(hoa) flower; blossom; best time of youth; period of greatest prosperity or productivity

buffet

252

	(vi phạm) breaking of contract or duty
	(pha) boil or seethe; cook; be in a state of preparation; be mixing, forming, or gathering
	(buffet) table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set out
	(phù hợp) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for

bulb

253

	(thiên văn học) branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and universe as a whole
	(kích hoạt) make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive
	(nghiện) cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to
	(bóng) rounded part of a cylindrical structure; electric lamp consisting of a glass ball

bulge

254

	(hoan nghênh) acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands
	(phát sinh) come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action
	(phình) cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude
	(số lượng lớn) majority; main part; volume; mass

bulk

255

	(phiếu) printed or written ticket used in voting; act of voting; whole number of votes cast at an election
	(quan liêu) over-regulated administrative system
	(cùng) along or by the side; side by side with
	(số lượng lớn) majority; main part; volume; mass

bulletin

256

	(hồ) tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals
	(liên kết) tie, or confine with a cord, band, or chain; make fast; contract; cohere or stick together
	(tin) brief statement of facts; any public notice or announcement; a periodical publication
	(nhộn nhịp) move or cause to move energetically and busily; teem

bumper

257

	(đạt) achieve or accomplish; gain
	(nhấp nháy) shut eyes briefly; wink
	(bội) something as bars at edges to absorb shock and prevent serious damage
	(cùng) travel with; be associated with

bundle

258

	(bó) packet; a package of things tied together; a large sum of money
	(thổ dân) being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native
	(tổng hợp) gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to
	(tủ sách) case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors

bungalow

259

	(liên kết) tie, or confine with a cord, band, or chain; make fast; contract; cohere or stick together
	(tiểu sử) an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life
	(ca) song of praise or patriotism; song of devotion or loyalty
	(bungalow) small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic

buoyant

260

	(tham gia) act of being present
	(nổi) able to float; cheerful and optimistic
	(giữa) amid; in the middle of; among
	(neo) secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate

bureaucracy

261

	(dự đoán) something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence
	(quan liêu) over-regulated administrative system
	(phong phú) great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing
	(trái nghĩa) word of opposite meaning; counter term

burgeon

262

	(vết bầm tím) injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists
	(hạt) small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood, that is pierced for stringing
	(đọt non) grow forth; send out buds; grow or develop rapidly
	(hợp kim) combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

burial

263

	(tài sản) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
	(mai táng) grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground
	(kiến trúc) any part of a curved line
	(trên không) of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air

burrow

264

	(bookstall) stall where books are sold, as on a street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale
	(tham vọng) aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
	(mỹ) one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments
	(hang) tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; dig; move through by or as by digging

bustle

265

	(tiêu diệt) destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence
	(giao) appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly
	(biện hộ) speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something
	(nhộn nhịp) move or cause to move energetically and busily; teem

butcher

266

	(hàng thịt) one whose job is to kill animals for food; one who kills in large numbers, or with unusual cruelty; vendor, especially on train or in theater
	(tự động hóa) act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls
	(phong phú) great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing
	(tài sản) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality

butterfly

267

	(giảm) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part
	(bướm) insect typically having a slender body with broad colorful wings
	(cùng) along or by the side; side by side with
	(nghiệp dư) nonprofessional; lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art

bypass

268

	(thêm) attach; add as supplement or appendix
	(cùn) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
	(đảm bảo) promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt
	(bỏ qua) channel used to conduct gas or liquid around another pipe or a fixture; conductor having low resistance in parallel

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