美国高考SAT：语法 比较
| 作者: Anne Y |
美国高考SAT：语法 比较
翻译练习
1. 经常的示威已使台北的交通恶化。
重要字词：经常 frequent 示威 demonstration
（1）主词 => 示威（2）动词 => 使~ （现在完成式）
（3）受词 => 交通 （3）补语 => 恶化
（4）句型 => demonstrations have made the traffic worse
Frequent demonstrations have made the traffic in Taipei worse.
2. 孩子们总认为他们的家是天堂。
重要字词：认为 consider 天堂 heaven
（1）主词 => 孩子们（2）动词 => 认为 => 表“事实” => （现在式）
（3）受词 => 他们的家 （3）补语 => 天堂
（4）句型 => children consider their house heaven
The children consider their house a heaven.
3. 管理阶层想要所有的员工准时。
重要字词：管理阶层 management 准时 punctual
（1）主词 => 管理阶层（2）动词 => 想要
（3）受词 => 员工 （3）补语 => 准时
（4）句型 => management want employees punctual
The management want all the employees to be punctual.
原级字尾有e+r, st: wise - wiser -wisest
短元音加子音 => 重复字尾+er,est: hot - hotter - hottest
子音+y => 去 y + ier, iest: busy - busier - busiest
more,most+多音节形容词:
1. 运动像课业一样重要。
Sports are as important as studies.
2. 他是像他父亲一样好的人。
He is as nice a person as his father.
b. ~ not as (=>so) 原级 as ~ （不像 ~ 一样）
1. 他不像他哥哥一样努力工作。
He does not work as hard as his brother(does).
2. 日本制的电动不像台湾制的那么贵。
This Japanese-video game is not so expensive as the Taiwanese one.
c. ~ as many/much + 名词 as （像 ~ 一样多的）
1. 她有和她姐姐一样多的洋装。
She has as many dresses as her sister(does).
2. 我认识的人不像她那么多。
I don’t know as many people as she(does).
d. ~ time as ~ as ~ （多一倍）
3. 这个箱子是那个的四分之一。
e. as ~ as possible （=>one can）尽可能地
1. 尽快报警。
重点：as ~ as 的惯用表现
重要表现：
a. not so much ~ as ~ （与其说 ~ 不如说 ~）
1. 与其说是犯罪，不如说是过失。
The man didn’t so much as apologize to me.
2. He left me without so much as saying thanks.
b. as ~ as ever （依旧）
她看起来依旧很快乐。
She looks as happy as ever.
注意：他是有史以来最伟大的艺术家。
He is as great an artist as ever lived.
c. as ~ as any + 单数名词 （像任何人一样）
他象村里任何人一样努力工作。
He is as hardworking as any in the village.
d. as many/much as + 数词 （多达 ~）
1. 有多达5万的鸟在此过冬。
As many as fifty thousand birds spend the winter here.
2. 这件毛衣我付了多达200元。
I paid as much as 200 dollars for the sweater.
（注意）
1. Radio broadcasting started as early as 1920.
2. He goes to movies as often as three times a month.
e. as many/much （同数的,同量的）
1. 我在六行里找到六个错误。
I found six mistakes in as many lines.
2. 旅行团在五天造访了五个城市。
The tour group visited five cities in as many days.
f. as good as ~ （几乎等于）
This house is a great buy. It’s as good as new.
His car is as good as a piece of junk.
1. 狗比猫更聪明。
Dogs are cleverer than cats.
2. 她英文说得比我好。
She can speak English better than I.
b. ~ the 比较级 + of the two （两者中较）
1. 这把吉他是两把中较好的。
This guitar is the better of the two.
(注意) This guitar is the best of the three.
c. 强调比较级
强调比较级的字： much, even, a lot, a little...等。
1. 他的家比我的家大得多。
His house is much larger than mine.
2. 你在大城市里将可找到比在小镇里多更多的游乐场。
You will find many more amusements in big cities than in small towns.
d. ~ less 原级 than ~ （比 ~ 较不 ~ ）
1. 搭公车不如搭计程车去贵。
2. 比起米饭，泡面较不营养。
Instant noodles are less nutritious than rice.
e. 省略than
1. 今年我必须更努力学英语，因为我是个三年级的学生了。
I have to study English harder this year because I am a third year student.
2. Why don’t you use a sharper knife?
重要表现
a. more ~ than... （与其... 不如 ~ ）
1. 她与其是说生气，不如说是难过。
She was more sad than angry.
2. 与其说是称赞不如说是讨好。
It is more flattery than praise.
(注意) 形容词不管是单音节或多音节,都用more+adj.形式
b. 比较级 and 比较级 （越来越 ~ ）
1. It’s getting darker and darker.
2. Entrance exams are becoming more and more difficult.
c. the 比较级 ~ the 比较级 ~ （越 ~ 就越 ~ ）
1. 年纪越大， 我们的记忆力越差。
The order we grow, the weaker our memory becomes.
2. The longer I waited, the less patient I become.
3. The more time you have, the more work you can do.
d. (all) the 比较级 for + 名词/because ~ （因为 ~ 因此更 ~ ）
1. 因为诚实我们更尊敬他。
(注意) He worked none the harder because he became a father.
e. much less ~ （更不用说 ~ ）
1. 我不喜欢数学，更不用说物理了。
I don’t like mathematics, much less physics.
2. The old man cannot even work, much less run.
f. Superior to ~, senior to ~ inferior， Senior, junior，major, minor，prior, posterior
1. 他比我大五岁。
g. more or less（多多少少）, sooner or later（迟早）
1. Our guess was more or less correct.
2. Sooner or later you will find your missing child.
h. know better than ~ (不会傻到) had better ~ 最好 ~
1. I know better than to go sailing without a life jacket.
2. You had better not go.
not more than => at most
no less than => as much as
not less than => at least
1. I have no more than 100 dollars.
2. I have not more than 100 dollars.
3. I have no less than 100 dollars.
4. I have not less than 100 dollars.
b. no more ~ than ~
not more ~ than ~
no less ~ than ~
not less ~ than ~
1. I am no more mad than you are.
2. I am not more mad than you are.
3. I am no less mad than you are.
4. I am not less mad than you are.
1. February is the shortest of all the months.
2. He drives the most carefully of us all.
3. This is the finest view that I’ve ever seen.
4. Picasso is one of the most famous painters of the 20th century.
5. This is the third most popular song in the hit chart this week.
b. 强调最高级: very, much, by far, far and away
1. She is much the best singer in the country.
=>She is the very best singer in the country.
c. the的省略
1. This lake is the deepest in Japan.
This lake is deepest here.
2. The air in this area is the cleanest in Japan.
The air in this area is cleanest when the factories are closed.
(注意)
(1) 同一人事物不加 the
(2) 叙述用法不加 the
I feel happiest when I’m with my friend.
=>Bob is more handsome than any other boy in my class.
=>No other boy in my class is more handsome than Bob.
=>No other boy in my class is as handsome as Bob.
1. Even the richest man in the world can’t buy her heart.
2. Even the most talented student in our class wasn’t able to answer it.
b. at (the) most / best 顶多
It will take at (the) most / best three hours to reach out destination.
(注意) The plum blossoms there are now at their best.
c. at (the) least
at (the) worst 最差
1. It will take at least three hours to reach out destination.
2. Our team will at worst get the third prize.
d. make the most of 尽全力(对有利情况) / make the best of 尽全力(对不利情况)
1. I hope you will make the most of your abilities.
2. He made the best of his small income.
1. 经常的示威已使台北的交通恶化。
重要字词：经常 frequent 示威 demonstration
（1）主词 => 示威（2）动词 => 使~ （现在完成式）
（3）受词 => 交通 （3）补语 => 恶化
（4）句型 => demonstrations have made the traffic worse
Frequent demonstrations have made the traffic in Taipei worse.
2. 孩子们总认为他们的家是天堂。
重要字词：认为 consider 天堂 heaven
（1）主词 => 孩子们（2）动词 => 认为 => 表“事实” => （现在式）
（3）受词 => 他们的家 （3）补语 => 天堂
（4）句型 => children consider their house heaven
The children consider their house a heaven.
3. 管理阶层想要所有的员工准时。
重要字词：管理阶层 management 准时 punctual
（1）主词 => 管理阶层（2）动词 => 想要
（3）受词 => 员工 （3）补语 => 准时
（4）句型 => management want employees punctual
The management want all the employees to be punctual.
比较
一.比较变化
（1） 规则变化
原级+er, est: tall - taller - tallest 原级字尾有e+r, st: wise - wiser -wisest
短元音加子音 => 重复字尾+er,est: hot - hotter - hottest
子音+y => 去 y + ier, iest: busy - busier - busiest
more,most+多音节形容词:
- careful - more careful - most careful
- difficult - more difficult - most difficult
（2） 不规则变化
- good/well => better - best
- bad/ill => worst - worse
- many/much => more - most
- little => less - least
- far - farther/further - farthest/furthest (表距离)
- far - further - furthest (表程度)
- Rome is farther from London than Paris is.
- Did you get further information?
- late - later - latest (时间)
- late - latter - last (顺序)
- He got up later than usual.
- The latter part of the story was not interesting.
- This is the latest news from America.
- This is his last work.
- old - older - oldest 表年龄
- old - elder - eldest 表长幼
- He is older than I.
- My elder brother is in Taipei.
二. 原级比较
a. ~ as 原级 as ~ （像 ~ 一样）1. 运动像课业一样重要。
Sports are as important as studies.
2. 他是像他父亲一样好的人。
He is as nice a person as his father.
b. ~ not as (=>so) 原级 as ~ （不像 ~ 一样）
1. 他不像他哥哥一样努力工作。
He does not work as hard as his brother
(does). 2. 日本制的电动不像台湾制的那么贵。
This Japanese-video game is not so expensive as the Taiwanese one.
c. ~ as many/much + 名词 as （像 ~ 一样多的）
1. 她有和她姐姐一样多的洋装。
She has as many dresses as her sister
(does). 2. 我认识的人不像她那么多。
I don’t know as many people as she
(does).d. ~ time as ~ as ~ （多一倍）
- The bridge is two times as long as that one.
- =>That bridge is half as long as this one.
- Imported books cost three times as much as Taiwanese books.
- Taiwanese books cost one third as much as imported books.
3. 这个箱子是那个的四分之一。
- This box is one quarter as large as that one.
- =>This box is one quarter the size of that one.
e. as ~ as possible （=>one can）尽可能地
1. 尽快报警。
- Call the police as soon as possible.
- Call the police as soon as you can.
- I told him to come home as early as possible.
- I told him to come home as early as he could.
重点：as ~ as 的惯用表现
- as busy as a bee 非常忙碌
- as cool as a cucumber 极端冷静
- as cunning as a fox 十分狡猾
- as dead as a doornail 了无声息
- as flat as a pancake 非常平坦
- as sweet as honey 非常甜美
- as like as two peas 非常相似
重要表现：
a. not so much ~ as ~ （与其说 ~ 不如说 ~）
1. 与其说是犯罪，不如说是过失。
- It was not so much a crime as a mistake.
- =>It was rather a mistake than a crime.
- =>It was a mistake rather than a crime.
The man didn’t so much as apologize to me.
2. He left me without so much as saying thanks.
b. as ~ as ever （依旧）
她看起来依旧很快乐。
She looks as happy as ever.
注意：他是有史以来最伟大的艺术家。
He is as great an artist as ever lived.
c. as ~ as any + 单数名词 （像任何人一样）
他象村里任何人一样努力工作。
He is as hardworking as any in the village.
d. as many/much as + 数词 （多达 ~）
1. 有多达5万的鸟在此过冬。
As many as fifty thousand birds spend the winter here.
2. 这件毛衣我付了多达200元。
I paid as much as 200 dollars for the sweater.
（注意）
1. Radio broadcasting started as early as 1920.
2. He goes to movies as often as three times a month.
e. as many/much （同数的,同量的）
1. 我在六行里找到六个错误。
I found six mistakes in as many lines.
2. 旅行团在五天造访了五个城市。
The tour group visited five cities in as many days.
f. as good as ~ （几乎等于）
This house is a great buy. It’s as good as new.
His car is as good as a piece of junk.
三.比较级
a. ~ 比较级 than... (比...更...)1. 狗比猫更聪明。
Dogs are cleverer than cats.
2. 她英文说得比我好。
She can speak English better than I.
b. ~ the 比较级 + of the two （两者中较）
1. 这把吉他是两把中较好的。
This guitar is the better of the two.
(注意) This guitar is the best of the three.
c. 强调比较级
强调比较级的字： much, even, a lot, a little...等。
1. 他的家比我的家大得多。
His house is much larger than mine.
2. 你在大城市里将可找到比在小镇里多更多的游乐场。
You will find many more amusements in big cities than in small towns.
d. ~ less 原级 than ~ （比 ~ 较不 ~ ）
1. 搭公车不如搭计程车去贵。
- Going by bus is less expensive than going by taxi.
- =>Going by bus is not as expensive as going by taxi.
- =>Going by taxi is more expensive than going by bus.
2. 比起米饭，泡面较不营养。
Instant noodles are less nutritious than rice.
e. 省略than
1. 今年我必须更努力学英语，因为我是个三年级的学生了。
I have to study English harder this year because I am a third year student.
2. Why don’t you use a sharper knife?
重要表现
a. more ~ than... （与其... 不如 ~ ）
1. 她与其是说生气，不如说是难过。
She was more sad than angry.
2. 与其说是称赞不如说是讨好。
It is more flattery than praise.
(注意) 形容词不管是单音节或多音节,都用more+adj.形式
b. 比较级 and 比较级 （越来越 ~ ）
1. It’s getting darker and darker.
2. Entrance exams are becoming more and more difficult.
c. the 比较级 ~ the 比较级 ~ （越 ~ 就越 ~ ）
1. 年纪越大， 我们的记忆力越差。
The order we grow, the weaker our memory becomes.
2. The longer I waited, the less patient I become.
3. The more time you have, the more work you can do.
d. (all) the 比较级 for + 名词/because ~ （因为 ~ 因此更 ~ ）
1. 因为诚实我们更尊敬他。
- We respect him the more for his honesty.
- We respect him the more because he is honest.
(注意) He worked none the harder because he became a father.
e. much less ~ （更不用说 ~ ）
1. 我不喜欢数学，更不用说物理了。
I don’t like mathematics, much less physics.
2. The old man cannot even work, much less run.
f. Superior to ~, senior to ~ inferior， Senior, junior，major, minor，prior, posterior
1. 他比我大五岁。
- He is five years older than I.
- =>He is five years senior to me.
- =>He is senior to me by five years.
g. more or less（多多少少）, sooner or later（迟早）
1. Our guess was more or less correct.
2. Sooner or later you will find your missing child.
h. know better than ~ (不会傻到) had better ~ 最好 ~
1. I know better than to go sailing without a life jacket.
2. You had better not go.
no more than 等表现
a. no more than => only not more than => at most
no less than => as much as
not less than => at least
1. I have no more than 100 dollars.
2. I have not more than 100 dollars.
3. I have no less than 100 dollars.
4. I have not less than 100 dollars.
b. no more ~ than ~
not more ~ than ~
no less ~ than ~
not less ~ than ~
1. I am no more mad than you are.
2. I am not more mad than you are.
3. I am no less mad than you are.
4. I am not less mad than you are.
四. 最高级
a. 最高级 + in ~ / of ~ / that + S + V1. February is the shortest of all the months.
2. He drives the most carefully of us all.
3. This is the finest view that I’ve ever seen.
4. Picasso is one of the most famous painters of the 20th century.
5. This is the third most popular song in the hit chart this week.
b. 强调最高级: very, much, by far, far and away
1. She is much the best singer in the country.
=>She is the very best singer in the country.
c. the的省略
1. This lake is the deepest in Japan.
This lake is deepest here.
2. The air in this area is the cleanest in Japan.
The air in this area is cleanest when the factories are closed.
(注意)
(1) 同一人事物不加 the
(2) 叙述用法不加 the
I feel happiest when I’m with my friend.
三级互换
Bob is the most handsome boy in my class. =>Bob is more handsome than any other boy in my class.
=>No other boy in my class is more handsome than Bob.
=>No other boy in my class is as handsome as Bob.
重要表现
a. even + 最高级 (甚至连...) 1. Even the richest man in the world can’t buy her heart.
2. Even the most talented student in our class wasn’t able to answer it.
b. at (the) most / best 顶多
It will take at (the) most / best three hours to reach out destination.
(注意) The plum blossoms there are now at their best.
c. at (the) least
at (the) worst 最差
1. It will take at least three hours to reach out destination.
2. Our team will at worst get the third prize.
d. make the most of 尽全力(对有利情况) / make the best of 尽全力(对不利情况)
1. I hope you will make the most of your abilities.
2. He made the best of his small income.