美国高考SAT：语法 五大句型

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美国高考SAT：语法 五大句型

五大句型


S+V不及物动词完全动词S+V
不完全动词S+V+C
及物动词完全动词S+V+O
S+V+O(人)+O(物)
不完全动词S+V+O+C


1. He got to London yesterday. Speak (got: 到达)

2. He got angry. Speak (got: 变得)

3. He got a newspaper. Speak (got: 买)

4. He got me a newspaper. Speak (got: 买给)

5. He got his children ready. Speak (got: 使...变得)

第一句型: S + V
1、 Amy lives in this town. Speak

2、 My older brother usually goes to bed at ten. Speak

3、 In Florida, it usually rains for about an hour every day during the hottest season. Speak

注意：There be ~ 及 Here be ~ 的句型是由第一句型演变而来的。There、here 为副词功能的修饰语。

1、A bus comes here. Speak 公车来了。

=>Here comes a bus. Speak / Here it comes. Speak

2、There are many books on the shelf. Speak

On the shelf are many books. Speak

注意：Here are the things you want. Speak

=>Here you are. Speak

    




翻译练习1. 台湾的生活最近十年改变很多。
  • （1）主词 => 生活
  • （2）动词 => 改变 时态 => 最近十年 => 现在完成时
  • （3）句型 => 生活改变
  • Life in Taiwan has changed a lot during the last ten years. Speak
2. 那可怜的小女孩惊恐地逃离两头蛇。

重要字词：in a fright, ran away, two-headed snake
  • （1）主词 => 女孩
  • （2）动词 => 逃离 时态 => 动作已做 => 过去式
  • （3）句型 => 女孩逃离 girl ran away
  • The poor little girl ran away from the two-headed snake in a fright. Speak


第二句型：S + V + C


此句型中动词可以分为下列四种：


表状态: be lie、sit、stand、stay(待在、保存) rest、remain、keep 等。
1、He lay still on the bed. Speak

2、My uncle stayed a bachelor all his life. Speak

表状态变化: come、become、go、get、grow make turn fall、run 等。
1、At last my dream has come true. Speak

2、As we grow older, our memories become weaker. Speak

3、The milk has gone sour. Speak

4、I fell asleep in class yesterday. Speak

表“似乎”: seem、appear 等
1、The child seemed tired. Speak

    


2、She seems to be an American. Speak
  • (1) S + seem/appear + 形容词
  • (2) S + seem/appear + to V
  • (3) It seems/appears that + S + V
3、She appeared to know nothing about it. Speak

表“~起来”: feel、look、smell、taste、sound 等。
1、Ice feels hard and cold. Speak

2、This flower smells very sweet. Speak

3、This medicine tastes bitter. Speak

注意：
  • feel (look、smell...) + 形容词
  • feel (look、smell...) + like + 名词
  • How does the little tiger look? Speak
  • =>It looks cute. Speak
  • What does the little tiger look like? Speak
  • =>It looks like a cat. Speak
注意：feel 的用法
  • feel like + 名词 => 摸起来像~
  • feel like + 名词 / Ving => 想要~
be feeling + 形容词 => 渐渐觉得~ (主词是人)
  • It feels like fur. Speak
  • I don’t feel like taking a walk now. Speak
  • After taking medicine, I’m feeling much better. Speak
1、它们在我拍的照片中看起来很生动。

重要字词：拍照 take picture; 生动 lively
  • （1）主词 => 它们
  • （2）动词 => 看起来 => 现在式
  • （3）补语 => 生动
  • （4）句型 => they look lively
They look very lively in the pictures I took. Speak

    


2. 都市中空气污染的问题已经变得越来越严重。

重要字词：空气污染 air pollution；问题 problem；越来越严重 more and more serious

句型 => problem has become serious

The problem of air pollution in cites has become more and more serious. Speak

第三句型 S + V + O

  • I didn’t understand the meaning of his words. Speak
  • The man robbed him of all his money. Speak
  • =〉He was robbed of all his money. Speak
注意：
  • rob + 人 + of + 物
  • steal + 物 + from + 人
My mother will take care of the puppy. Speak

重点：动词(dream、sleep、live、die、fight、smile 等) + 同族受词
  • I dreamed a strange dream last night. Speak
  • I slept a sound sleep in the soft bed. Speak
  • She lived an unhappy life. Speak
  • He died a miserable death. Speak
  • They fought a good fight. Speak
  • She smiled a sweet smile. Speak
翻译练习：

1. 每天下午有一个小贩开着小货车到我们社区来卖菜。

重要字词：小贩vendor； 小货车pickup； 社区community；菜vegetable

句型=〉vendor drives pickup

Every afternoon a vendor drives a pickup to our community to sell the vegetables. Speak

    




2. 他认识我们附近的每个人，而我们每个人也认识他。

合句：S + V and S + V

句1：（1）主词 => 他（2）动词 => 认识（3）受词 => 每个人

句型=〉he knows every one

句2：（1）主词 => 我们每个人 （2）动词 => 认识（3）受词 => 他

句型=〉every one of us knows him

He knows every one of us in our neighborhood, and every one of us knows him too. Speak



第四句型 S + V + O + O


句型：S + 授予动词 + O(人) + O(物
句型：S + 授予动词 + O(物) + 介 + O(人)


重点：授予动词之后的介系词可分为下列几项：

(1)介系词 to： allow、give、hand、recommend、write等

1. He handed the clerk the money. Speak

=〉He handed the money to the clerk. Speak

2. The teacher recommended us the book. Speak

=〉The teacher recommended the book to us. Speak

(2)介系词 for： bring、choose、make、spare等

1、She made her daughter a new dress. Speak

=〉She made a new dress for her daughter. Speak

2、Can you spare me a few minutes? Speak

=〉Can you spare a few minutes for me? Speak

(3)其他

1、He asked me a strange question. Speak

=〉He asked a strange question of me. Speak

2、He threw me a stone. Speak

=〉He threw a stone at me. Speak

3、He played me a trick. Speak

=〉He played a trick on me. Speak

重点：直接受词(物)若改为代名词，只能用句型：

直接受词(物) + 介系词 + 间接受词(人)

1、Would you please pass me the salad? Speak

=〉Would you please pass it to me? Speak

2、I’ll buy you the bike. Speak

=〉I’ll buy it for you. Speak

重点：名词片语（疑问词 + to），名词子句也可以当直接受词。

1、He told me how to stop smoking. Speak

2、She told us that he would leave for America soon. Speak

翻译练习

1. 他的双亲留给他一大笔财富。

重要字词：留 leave；财富 fortune

（1）主词 => 他的双亲（2）动词 => 留（3）受词 => 他/财富

句型=〉his parents left him a big fortune

His parents left him a big fortune. Speak

=〉His parents left a big fortune for him. Speak

    


2、她给她的朋友和她丈夫的朋友寄了很多的圣诞卡。

（1）主词 => 她（2）动词 => 寄 =>过去式（3）受词 => 她的朋友/她丈夫的朋友/圣诞卡

句型=〉she sent her friends and her husband’s friends

She sent both her friends and her husband’s friends a lot of Christmas cards. Speak

=〉She sent a lot of Christmas cards both to her friends and her husband’s friends. Speak



第五句型：S + V + O + C


1、They found that stranger a spy. Speak

2、We must always keep the classroom clean. Speak

3、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Speak

4、I’m going to paint my house white tomorrow. Speak

重点讲解 使役动词，感官动词用不定词,分词当受词补语。
(1)使役动词
  • make / have + O + 原形不定词 (受词主动)
  • make / have + O + P.P. (受词被动)
  • let + O + 原形不定词 (受词主动)
  • let + O + be + P.P. (受词被动)
  • get + O + to 不定词 (受词主动)
  • get + O + P.P. (受词被动)
1、I can’t make him understand it. Speak

2、I can’t make myself understood in English. Speak

3、He wouldn’t let his daughter go out alone. Speak

4、He let the work be done soon. Speak

5、You don’t have to do it by yourself, I’ll get him to help you finish it. Speak

6、I had my hair cut. Speak

7、I had my money stolen. Speak

(2)感官动词

feel、see、watch、look at
notice、observe、hear、listen to		  +  O  +  V
Ving
P.P.


1、I heard my mother humming a tune. Speak

2、I heard something crash against the wall. Speak

3、I saw the boy punished by his father. Speak